Background and purpose: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are rising. Phage therapy is an effective treatment in infections resistant to treatment and progress has been made with its use and development in recent years. Phage therapy in treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections is not well investigated in clinical trials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review studies on phage therapy against gram-negative bacterial infections.
Methods & Materials: This review was done using electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of science and articles published from 1968 to 2017 were investigated. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and estimated using a review method.
Results: A total of 128,009 articles were indexed from which 320 were selected based on their abstracts. Then, some were excluded including experimental studies and In vitro and In vivo studies. Finally, clinical trials (n=23) that met the inclusion criteria and published in English were selected.
Conclusion: This review showed that phage therapy is an effective treatment against gram-negative bacterial infections in humans orally, topically, and subcutaneously injected.

Keywords: phage therapy, infection, gram-negative bacteria, review

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