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Background and purpose: Cesarean delivery on maternal request is so common in Tehran, Iran. Behavioral beliefs have an important role in the intention of selective cesarean and could influence the choices for educational training. The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral beliefs about cesarean section based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in pregnant women. Materials and methods: A qualitative study with purposive sampling was designed in which data was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Content analysis was performed in which exploratory interviews were performed according to the principles of TPB. Afterwards, the information was coded and each interview was analyzed. Results: A total of 36 women (mean age 27.8 ± 4.5) was interviewed. Two main themes were extracted from the interviews: positive and negative beliefs about cesarean section. Then four sub themes were explored including long term and short term complications, and long term and short term advantages of cesarean section. Conclusion: In this study women had both true and false beliefs about caesarean section. Thus, health care providers should be aware of misunderstandings about caesarean section among pregnant women.

Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, cesarean section, qualitative study

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