Background and purpose: Embryo quality and endometrial receptivity are two parameters that determine the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) results. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between endometrial and sub endometrial blood flow with prognosis of IVF treatment cycles.

Materials and methods: An analytical historical cohort study was conducted in which women undergoing IVF cycles were recruited. Doppler ultrasound for endometrial and sub endometrial arteries were performed three times in each treatment cycle. Then, the participants were divided into fertile and infertile groups according to treatment results.

Results: Significant relation was found in endometrial and sub endometrial blood flow between the two groups (P=0.012). In initiation of treatment and HCG administration there were significant differences in mean PI values between the fertile group and infertile group (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively). On the day of HCG administration, significant differences were observed in mean SD index between the two groups (P=0.032).

Conclusion: In this study absence of endometrial and sub endometrial blood flow was found to be correlated with infertility. Lower PI values in initiation of treatment and time of HCG administration and lower SD values on HCG administration are correlated with successful pregnancy.