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مطالعه اثرات مهاری تیمار هم‌زمان سیلیبینین و الیگونوکلئوتید CpG-ODN بر بیان ژن‌های MMP-2 و TLR-9 در رده سلول‌های سرطان کبد Inhibitory Effect of Coadministration of Silibinin and CpG-ODN2006 on Metastatic Characteristics (MMP-2 and TLR-9) of Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line 1 1 سابقه و هدف: هپاتوسلولار کارسینوما (HCC) سرطانی شایع است و تحریک سیستم ایمنی از طریق 9-TLR (Toll-like receptors) به وسیله 2006 CpG-ODN می‌تواند در درمان آن کارآیی داشته باشد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر تیمار هم‌زمان سیلیبینین و 2006 CpG-ODN بر رشد و تکثیر مدل سلولی HCC می باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، اثر بازدارندگی دوزهای متفاوت سیلیبینین و 2006 CpG-ODN بر رشد سلول‌های 2HepG و تعیین بهترین غلظت برای تیمار هم‌زمان به روش MTT سنجیده شد. میزان بیان ژن‌های MMP2 و TLR9 به روش Real-Time PCR سنجیده شد. فعالیت ماتریکس‌ متالوپروتییناز MMP2 با روش زایموگرافی اندازه‌گیری گردید. یافته‌ها: به ترتیب، غلظت‌های µM 100 و nM 100 از سیلیبینین و 2006 CpG-ODN برای انجام تیمار هم‌زمان انتخاب شدند که اثرات ایستایی شدیدی بر رشد سلول داشتند (05/0< P). نتایج Real-Time PCR تفاوت معنی‌داری در Ct تکثیر ژن‌ها نشان نداد (05/0> P). استنتاج: حتی غلظت‌های پایین CpG در این پژوهش، اثربخشی سیلیبینین بر سلول سرطان کبد را به طور مشخصی افزایش داده‌اند. با توجه به اهمیت استفاده از دوزهای پایین دارو و فعال‌سازی مکانسیم‌های ایمنی، تجویز توام این دو دارو می‌تواند چشم‌انداز روشنی را برای روش‌های درمانی ترکیبی آینده داشته باشد.   2 Background and purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a most common liver malignancy and TLR9 (Toll-like receptor) is essential for CpG DNA-induced immune responses. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-metastatic effects of combined administration of silibinin and CpG-ODN2006 on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell line model.  Materials and methods: Inhibitory effects of various different concentrations of silibinin and CpG-ODN2006 on HepG-2 cells growth and detection of best dosages for simultaneously treatment were assessed by MTT method. Expression of MMP2 and TLR9 genes was analyzed by real- time PCR. Gelatin zymography was used to determine the activity of MMP2. Results: Inhibitory effects of determined concentrations of silibinin (100 μM) and CpG-ODN2006 (100 nM) on HepG-2 cells growth was significant (p<0.05). Real-Time PCR showed no significant differences between Ct of the genes expression analyses. Conclusion: Conclusion:  Collectively, the data in this study supports the idea of combined silibinin-CpG administration in hepatic cancer customized therapeutic modalities. However, more investigations to assess immunomodulatory effects and safety analyses would be very informative steps in advance of randomized clinical trials.   1 10 2018/03/26 1397/1/6 2018/11/20 1397/8/29 آرزو رضایی Arezou Rezaei استادیار، دانشگاه دامغان، دانشکده زیست شناسی و انستیتو علوم زیستی، دامغان، ایران ایران arezaei@du.ac.ir فرشید سعادت Farshid Saadat دانشیار، گروه ایمونولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران ایران fsaadat@alumnus.tums.ac.ir فرناز صفوی فر Farnaz Safavifar دکترا، مرکز تحقیقات غدد و متابولیسم، پژوهشکده علوم بالینی غدد و متابولیسم، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، ایران ایران fsafavifar@yahoo.com آذر برهمه Azar Berahmeh فوق لیسانس بیوتکنولوژی، گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، ایران ایران محمدرضا خرمی‌زاده Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh . استاد، مرکز تحقیقات بیوسنسور، پژوهشکده علوم سلولی، مولکولی غدد و متابولیسم، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران . استاد، مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران khoramza@sina.tums.ac.ir silibinin CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides MMP2 TLR9 HepG-2 سیلیبینین اولیگوداکسی‌نوکلئوتیدهای CpG MMP2 TLR9 HepG-2 1. 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بررسی اثر ادجوانتی نانو ذرات آلوم در واکسن کشته شده توکسوپلاسما گوندی Protective Efficacy of the Killed Toxoplasma gondii Vaccine in Nano-alum Adjuvant 1 1 سابقه و هدف: توکسوپلاسما گوندی (T. gondii) یک انگل داخل سلولی اجباری بوده که از طریق مدفوع گربه دفع می‌گردد. تلاش‌های زیادی برای توسعه واکسن توکسوپلاسموزیس صورت گرفته است اما هیچ یک از آن‌ها قادر به ایجاد پاسخ ایمنی حفاظتی نسبت به انگل نبوده‌اند. ادجوانت‌ها برای فرمولاسیون واکسن ضروری می‌باشند تا پاسخ‌های ایمنی قوی‌تری ایجاد نمایند و به عنوان یک ادجوانت، نانو موادی چون نانو آلوم می توانند پاسخ‌های ایمنی هومورال و سلولی را تحریک کنند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات حفاظتی نانو آلوم فرموله شده در توکسوپلاسما گوندی کشته شده انجام پذیرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، کاندید واکسن به طور جداگانه در آلوم، ادجوانت فروند کامل و ادجوانت نانو آلوم تهیه شد. موش‌های BALB/c سه بار با فواصل دو هفته‌ای ایمن شدند. برای بررسی نوع واکنش ایمنی القا شده، سرم‌ها برای اندازه‌گیری IgG توتال، ایزوتایپ IgG1 و IgG2a و نیز IL-4، IFN-γ، TNF-α و IL-2 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برای ارزیابی تکثیر لنفوسیت، از روش BrdU استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: ایمن‌زایی موش‌ها با واکسن کشته شده توکسوپلاسما فرموله شده در ادجوانت نانو آلوم باعث افزایش پاسخ تکثیر لنفوسیت، TNF-α، IL-4، IL-2 و IFN-γ، IgG توتال و همچنین ایزوتایپ‌های IgG1 و IgG2a در مقایسه با سایر گروه‌های تجربی می‌گردد. استنتاج: ادجوانت نانو آلوم می‌تواند سطح بالایی از پاسخ ایمنی هومورال و سلولی را در مقایسه با گروه دریافت‌کننده واکسن توکسوپلاسمای کشته شده و فرموله شده در آلوم القا نماید.   2 Background and purpose: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) as a causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular parasite which is excreted by the cat's feces. Efforts have been made for the development of toxoplasmosis vaccine, but none led to developing a vaccine with protective immune response to the parasite. Adjuvants are essential for vaccine formulation to create strong immune responses. As an adjuvant, nanomaterials such as nano-alum, can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. The present report aimed to investigate the protective effects of the alum-based nano-adjuvant formulated in killed T. gondii. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the vaccine candidates were separately formulated in alum, complete Freund, and nano-alum adjuvants. The BALB/c mice were immunized three times with two-week intervals. To investigate the type of induced immune response, sera were analyzed by ELISA for total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes and also IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 cytokines. To evaluate lymphocyte proliferation, BrdU method was performed. Results: Immunization of mice with killed Toxoplasma vaccine formulated with nano-alum adjuvant increased lymphocyte proliferation, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ cytokine responses, total antibodies, as well as IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes compared with those of other experimental groups. Conclusion: Compared with alum-based killed Toxoplasma vaccine, the nano-alum adjuvant could strongly induce cellular and humoral immune responses.   11 23 2018/03/262018/08/18 1397/5/27 2018/11/202019/01/1 1397/10/11 مهدی قهاری Mehdi Ghahary کارشناسی ارشد ایمنی شناسی پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی مولکولی، پژوهشکده سیستم بیولوژی و آسیب شیمیایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج )، تهران، ایران ایران Seyed.mahdi.ghahari@gmail.com رمضان علی طاهری Ramezan Ali Taheri استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات نانوبیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج )، تهران، ایران ایران taheri@bmsu.ac.ir مهدی فصیحی رامندی Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی مولکولی، پژوهشکده سیستم بیولوژی و آسیب شیمیایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج )، تهران، ایران ایران Fasihi.m@gmail.com Toxoplasma gondii nano-alum adjuvant ELISA vaccine توکسوپلاسما گوندی نانو آلوم ادجوانت الایزا واکسن 1. Assolini JP, Concato VM, Goncalves MD, Carloto ACM, Conchon-Costa I, Pavanelli WR, et al. 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Murine CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells. J Immunol 1991; 147(11): 3955-3959.##34. Chang HR, Grau GE, Pechere JC. Role of TNF and IL-1 in infections with Toxoplasma gondii. Immunoly 1990; 69(1): 33-37.##35. Gazzinelli RT, Eltoum I, Wynn TA, Sher A. Acute cerebral toxoplasmosis is induced by in vivo neutralization of TNF-alpha and correlates with the down-regulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other markers of macrophage activation. J Immunol 1993; 151(7): 3672-3681.##36. Reichmann G, Walker W, Villegas EN, Craig L, Cai G, Alexander J, et al. The CD40/CD40 ligand interaction is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis. Infect Immun 2000; 68(3): 1312-1318.##37. Costa-Silva TA, Borges MM, Galhardo CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Immunization with excreted/secreted proteins in AS/n mice activating cellular and humoral response against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Acta Tropica 2012; 124(3): 203-209.##38. 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بررسی ارتباط عوارض آمنیوسنتز با عبور سوزن از جفت Investigating the Complications of Transplacental Needle Passage in Amniocentesis 1 1 سابقه و هدف: آمنیوسنتز رایج‌ترین روش مورد استفاده برای تشخیص آنوپلوئیدی و سایر اختلالات ژنتیکی جنین است. در هنگام ورود سوزن آمنیوسنتز باید در صورت امکان از ورود به جفت اجتناب شود. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی ارتباط عوارض آمنیوسنتز با عبور سوزن از جفت می باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش یک مطالعه کوهورت بر روی 1000 خانم باردار کاندید آمنیوسنتز مراجعه کننده به کلینیک پریناتولوژی بیمارستان ام البنین مشهد از سال 1393 تا 1395 بود. در این افراد با استفاده از سوزن مخصوص و هدایت سونوگرافی، وارد ساک بارداری شده و حدود 20 سی سی، مایع آمنیوتیک کشیده شد. عبور یا عدم عبور سوزن از جفت ثبت شده و در ادامه بارداری بروز عوارضی مانند سقط، لکه بینی، زایمان زودرس و پارگی کیسه آب در هر گروه مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفت. آنالیز داده‌ها توسط نرم افزار SPSS و فرمول های آماری کولموگروف اسمیرنوف و t-test و  Chi-squareآنالیز شد و خطر نسبی (RR) محاسبه گردید. یافته‌ها: میانگین سنی مادران 4/33 سال (حداقل 16 و حداکثر 48 سال) بود. لکه بینی به دنبال آمنیوسنتزهای با عدم عبور سوزن از جفت 4/1 درصد و در آمنیوسنتزهای از ورای جفت 1/6 درصد گزارش شد که با توجه به RR:6.85 و 3 0/0 =P، ارتباط معنی‌دار بین متغیرها وجود داشت. این در حالی است که بین عبور سوزن از جفت و سایر عوارض مانند سقط، آمنیونیت، زایمان زودرس و نشت مایع آمنیوتیک به دنبال آمنیوسنتز ارتباط معناداری وجود نداشت. استنتاج: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، با عبور سوزن از جفت، احتمال بروز لکه بینی به دنبال آمنیوسنتز افزایش می‌یابد. 2 Background and purpose: Amniocentesis is the most commonly used method for diagnosis of aneuploid and other genetic disorders of the fetus. Cautious should be taken when entering the amniocentesis needle to avoid entering the placenta. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of needle transposition from the placenta during amniocentesis. Materials and methods: In a cohort study, 1000 pregnant women candidates for amniocentesis were selected from Mashhad Perinatology Clinic, 2014-2016. A needle was inserted into the gestational sac and 20cc amniotic fluid was taken, using the ultrasound guidance. Passage or not passage of needle through the placenta was recorded and complications such as abortion, spotting, preterm labor, and rupture of membrane in each group were compared. Data analysis was done in SPSS applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, and Chi-square. The relative risk (RR) was also calculated. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.4 years old (16-48 years of age). Spotting after amniocentesis was recorded in 1.4% nontransplacental amniocentesis and in 6.1% of transplacental amniocentesis (RR; 6.85, p=0.03). There was no significant relationship between needle passage through the placenta and other complications such as abortion, amnionitis, preterm labor, and amniotic fluid leakage following amniocentesis (p=0.08). Conclusion: Current findings showed that transplacental amniocentesis increases the probability of spotting following amniocentesis. 24 30 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/20 1397/4/29 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/24 1397/8/2 فاطمه تارا Fatemeh Tara استاد زنان، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت زنان،دانشکده پزشکی،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران سمیه معین درباری Somayeh Moeindarbari استادیار زنان، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت زنان،دانشکده پزشکی،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران moeins@mums.ac.ir مهلا بختیاری Mahla Bakhtiari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مامایی،دانشکده پرستاری ومامایی ،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران bakhtiarim@mums.ac.ir amniocentesis abortion amnionitis preterm labor complications واژه های کلیدی:آمنیوسنتز سقط آمنیونیت زایمان زودرس عوارض 1. Vink J, Fuchs K, D'alton ME. Amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: a systematic review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32(5): 409-416.##2. Kalogiannidis I, Prapa S, Dagklis T, Karkanaki A, Petousis S, Prapas Y, et al. Amniocentesis- related adverse outcomes according to placental location and risk factors for fetal loss after midtrimester amniocentesis. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38(3): 239-242.##3. Cederholm M, Haglund B, Axelsson O. Infant morbidity following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal karyotyping. BJOG 2005; 112(4): 394-402.##4. Eddleman KA, Malone FD, Sullivan L, Dukes K, Berkowitz RL, Kharbutli Y, et al. Pregnancy loss rates after midtrimester amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108(5): 1067-1072.##5. Mazza V, Pati M, Bertucci E, Re C, Ranzi A, Percesepe A, et al. Age specific risk of fetal loss post second trimester amniocentesis: analysis of 5043 cases. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27(2): 180-183.##6. Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 88, December 2007. Invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110(6): 1459-1467.##7. Niederstrasser SL, Hammer K, Möllers M, Falkenberg MK, Schmidt R, Steinhard J, et al. Fetal loss following invasive prenatal testing: a comparison of transabdominal chorionic villus sampling, transcervical chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. J Perinat Med 2017; 45(2): 193-198.##8. Beta J, Lesmes-Heredia C, Bedetti C, Akolekar R. Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review of the literature. Minerva Ginecol 2017; 70(2): 215-219.##9. Kong CW, Leung TN, Leung TY, Chan LW, Sahota DS, Fung TY, et al. Risk factors for procedure related fetal losses after mid trimester genetic amniocentesis. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26(10): 925-930.##10. Borgida AF, Mills AA, Feldman DM, Rodis JF, Egan JF. Outcome of pregnancies complicated by ruptured membranes after genetic amniocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(4): 937-939.##11. Jeanty P, Shah D, Roussis P. Single needle insertion in twin amniocentesis. J Ultrasound Med 1990; 9(9): 511-517.##12. Giorlandino C, Mobili L, Bilancioni E, D'alessio P, Carcioppolo O, Gentili P, et al. Transplacental amniocentesis: Is it really a higher risk procedure? Prenat Diagn 1994; 14(9): 803-806.##13. Bombard AT, Powers JF, Carter S, Schwartz A, Nitowsky HM. Procedure-related fetal losses in transplacental versus nontransplacental genetic amniocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172(3): 868-872.##14. Yeast JD, Garite TJ, Dorchester W. The risks of amniocentesis in the management of premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 149(5): 505-508.##15. Marthin T, Liedgren S, Hammar M. Transplacental needle passage and other risk-factors associated with second trimester amniocentesis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997; 76(8): 728-732.##16. Andreasen E, Kristoffersen K. Incidence of spontaneous abortion after amniocentesis: influence of placental localization and past obstetric and gynecologic history. Am J Perinatol 1989; 6(02): 268-273.## ##

ارتباط غلظت دی اکسیدکربن و پارامترهای محیطی با علائم سندرم ساختمان بیمار در مدارس و منازل دانش آموزان شهرستان بابل Relationship between CO2 Concentration and Environmental Parameters with Sick Building Syndrome in School and House Settings in Babol, Iran 1 1 سابقه و هدف: عدم وجود هوای سالم در کلاس‌ها و منازل، سبب کاهش سطح سلامت و اختلال در یادگیری دانش آموزان خواهد شد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن و سایر پارامترهای محیطی با علائم سندرم ساختمان بیمار در مدارس و منازل دانش آموزان شهرستان بابل انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: جهت سنجش دی‌اکسیدکربن، دما و رطوبت از دستگاه استاندارد TES 1370 استفاده شد. گردآوری اطلاعات توسط پرسشنامه استاندارد " "MM040EAو به صورت مصاحبه انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر در 5 مدرسه در مقاطع ابتدایی، راهنمایی و دبیرستان و 20 کلاس به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای انجام شد. روش نمونه‌برداری دانش‌آموزان در هر کلاس به صورت تصادفی و پرسشنامه‌ها به صورت مصاحبه‌ای تکمیل شدند. برای تعیین ارتباط بین سندرم بیماری ساختمان و پارامترهای محیطی، از آزمون‌های آماری کای دو، ANOVA و T-test استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: در زمستان بیش‌ترین علائم سندرم ساختمان بیمار، مربوط به خستگی (8/45 درصد) و در فصل بهار مربوط به سردرد (3/35 درصد) بود. آزمون T-test نشان داد که در زمستان (02/0=P) و بهار (01/0=P) در کلاس‌های درس و منازل دانش آموزان، بین دی اکسید کربن با علائم سندرم مزبور، ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود داشت. اما بین رطوبت و دما با این سندرم، ارتباط معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. از میان ریسک فاکتورهای مورد بررسی در زمستان و بهار، سرو صدا به عنوان ریسک فاکتور آزاردهنده گزارش شد. استنتاج: نتایج نشان داد که غلظت دی اکسید کربن با ایجاد علائم سندرم ساختمان بیمار در دانش‌آموزان ارتباط معنی‌داری دارد. هرچند علائم سندرم ساختمان بیمار در دانش آموزان خفیف بوده، اما با توجه به شرایط نامناسب فیزیکی در بعضی مدارس و حتی منازل، باید بهینه‌سازی در این فضاها انجام شود.   2 Background and purpose: Lack of healthy air in classrooms and homes will reduce the level of health and disrupts students’ learning. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between CO2 concentration and other environmental parameters with sick building syndrome in schools and homes in Babol, north of Iran, 2018. Materials and methods: To measure carbon dioxide, temperature, and humidity, the TES 1370 was used. This study was conducted among 85 students in five primary, secondary, and high schools. Selection of schools, classrooms, and students was performed using a multistage random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using MM040EA questionnaire. Chi-square, ANOVA, and T-test were used to determine the relationship between sick building syndrome and environmental parameters. Results: The most common symptoms of building syndrome were fatigue (45.8%) in winter and headache (35.3%) in spring. T-test showed significant relationships between carbon dioxide and building syndrome signs in winter (P= 0.02) and spring (P= 0.01) in classrooms and homes. But there was no significant relationship between the syndrome and moisture and temperature. Among the risk factors investigated in winter and spring, noise was reported as an annoying risk factor. Conclusion: The study showed that concentration of carbon dioxide has a significant relationship with development of sick building syndrome in students. The symptoms of sick building syndrome were found to be mild in our samples, but due to poor physical conditions in some schools and even in home settings, optimization of these spaces should be done. 31 44 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/18 1397/3/28 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/6 1397/7/14 زهرا آقالری Zahra Aghalari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران ایران عبدالایمان عموئی Abdoliman Amouei استاد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل، بابل، ایران.مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل، بابل، ایران ایران iamouei1966@gmail.com احمد زارعی Ahmad Zarei استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران ایران مجتبی افشارنیا Mojtaba Afsharnia دانشیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران ایران زهرا گرائیلی Zahra Graili دانشجوی دکتری آمار زیستی، گروه آمار و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل، بابل، ایران ایران مهدی قاسمی Mehdi Qasemi مربی، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران ایران air pollution carbon dioxide sick building syndrome schools houses آلودگی هوا دی اکسید کربن سندرم ساختمان بیمار مدارس منازل. 1. 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مقایسه تاثیر سخنرانی و مصاحبه انگیزشی بر خودکارآمدی شیردهی انحصاری در زنان نخست زا Comparing the Effect of Talks and Motivational Interviews on Self-efficacy of Exclusive Maternal Breastfeeding in Primiparous Women 1 1 سابقه و هدف: خودکارآمدی شیردهی، احساس اطمینان مادر به توانایی خود به شیردهی انحصاری می‌باشد. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه تأثیرسخنرانی و مصاحبه انگیزشی بر خودکارآمدی شیردهی در زنان نخست‌زا انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده شاهدداربود که بر روی 210زن باردار نخست‌زای مراجعه‌کننده به پایگاه‌های بهداشتی شهر تربت حیدریه در سال (97-1396) انجام گرفت. شرکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از روش تصادفی‌سازی بلوکی به سه گروه 70 نفره، مداخله مصاحبه انگیزشی، سخنرانی و کنترل تخصیص داده شدند. برای گروه مصاحبه انگیزشی، پنج جلسه حضوری 2 ساعته و سه بار پیگیری تلفنی انجام گرفت. گروه سخنرانی، یک جلسه 2ساعته سخنرانی در مورد آموزش شیردهی دریافت کردند در حالی که گروه کنترل فقط مراقبت‌های روتین را دریافت کردند. درپایان 4،2 و6 ماهگی شیرخوار، سه گروه مجددا از نظر خودکارآمدی شیردهی بررسی شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آزمون‌های خی دوو آنالیز واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: سه گروه، تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر متغیرهای دموگرافیک نداشتند (05/0> P). میانگین و انحراف معیار خودکارآمدی شیردهی 6 ماه پس از زایمان در گروه مصاحبه انگیزشی 89/0±97/63 ، درگروه سخنرانی 91/0±02/50 و در گروه کنترل 95/0±77/41 بود که تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری را نشان داد (001/0< P). استنتاج: نتایج نشان داد که تکنیک مصاحبه انگیزشی با افزایش خودکارآمدی شیردهی بیش‌تری همراه بود . با توجه به تاثیر مصاحبه انگیزشی بر خودکارآمدی شیردهی مادران، استفاده از این روش به عنوان یک روش موثر و ارزان به خصوص در زنان نخست‌زا پیشنهاد می‌شود.   شماره ثبت کارآزمایی بالینی : 1N20171217037913IRCT   2 Background and purpose: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is the feeling of confidence of the mother to experience exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of talks and motivational interviews on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous women. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 210 primeval pregnant women attending Torbat Heydarieh health centers, Iran 2017-2018. Random block method was used and the subjects were assigned into three groups (n=70 per group), including those participating in motivational interviews, attending the talk session, and controls. Motivational interview was carried out in five sessions (two hr) and three telephone follow ups were made. The talk group were given a two- hour talk about breastfeeding and received relevant trainings, while the control group only received routine care. The groups were evaluated for breastfeeding self-efficacy at two, four, and six months after childbirth. Data were analyzed applying Chi-square and ANOVA. Results: Demographic variables were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Six months after childbirth, the mean scores for breastfeeding self-efficacy were 63.97±0.89, 50.02±0.91, and 41.77±0.95 in the group participating in motivational interviews, the talk group, and controls, respectively. The score revealed significant differences between the three groups in breastfeeding self-efficacy (p<0.001). Conclusion: Motivational interview was found to be more effective in enhancing breastfeeding self-efficacy, therefore, it is suggested as an effective and inexpensive method, especially in primiparus women.   (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT IRCT2014122220394N1)     45 57 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/11 1397/7/19 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/19 1397/11/30 فاطمه صالحی Fatemeh Salehi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره در مامایی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران ایران زهرا متقی Zahra Motaghi استادیار، گروه بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران ایران افسانه کرامت Afsaneh Keramat دانشیار، گروه بهداشت باروری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران ایران zhramotaghi@yahoo.com شهربانو گلی Shahrbanoo Goli استادیار، گروه آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری و اجتماعی در سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران ایران معصومه رسولی Masoumeh Rasouli کارشناس ارشد مشاوره در مامایی، سازمان تامین اجتماعی، پلی کلینیک تامین اجتماعی بهشهر، بهشهر، مازندران، ایران ایران زهره حسینی Zohreh Hoseini مربی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ایران سیدعباس موسوی Seyed Abbas Mousavi دانشیار، گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و رفتاری، موسسه اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران mmm89099@gmail.com exclusive breastfeeding self-efficacy motivational interview شیردهی انحصاری خودکارآمدی مصاحبه انگیزشی 1. 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آگاهی، نگرش و نحوه بکارگیری روش های طب سنتی و مکمل در بیماران پرفشاری خون Knowledge and Attitudes of Hypertensive Patients on the Use of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 1 1 سابقه و هدف: شیوع بالای پرفشاری خون سبب شده تا بسیاری از بیماران از روش های درمانی طب سنتی و مکمل استفاده کنند. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین میزان آگاهی، نگرش و نحوۀ بکارگیری روش‌های طب سنتی و مکمل در بیماران پرفشاری خون انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه توصیفی بر روی 400 بیمار پرفشاری خون مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه مرکز قلب شهر ساری در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. داده ها توسط پرسشنامه های جمعیت شناختی و پژوهشگر ساخته آگاهی، نگرش و چک لیست نحوۀ بکارگیری روش های طب سنتی و مکمل در بیماران پرفشاری خون جمع آوری شدند. تحلیل داده ها با آزمون های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی (کای دو، تی مستقل و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون) انجام شد. یافته‌ها: میانگین آگاهی بیماران پرفشاری خون 14/3±19/14 بود. 5/63 درصد دارای سطح آگاهی کم و 5/36 درصد دارای سطح آگاهی متوسط بودند. 14 درصد دارای نگرش متوسط و 86 درصد نگرش خوب داشتند. ارتباط نگرش با تاهل، تحصیلات، شغل، محل سکونت، بیماری زمینه ای و سابقه خانوادگی معنادار بود (001/0< P). رابطه سن با نگرش معنادار مستقیم دارد(14/0= r، 01/0= P)، اما با مدت ابتلا رابطه منفی وجود دارد (12/0= r، 03/0= P). استنتاج: علی‌رغم این که بیش از نیمی از افراد، از آگاهی پایینی نسبت به استفاده از طب سنتی و مکمل برخوردار بودند، اما نگرش مثبتی داشتند. بنابراین اطلاع رسانی در مورد فواید بکارگیری طب سنتی و مکمل به آحاد جامعه توسط مسئولین ذیربط پیشنهاد می شود.   2 Background and purpose: High prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its detrimental effects have resulted in more use of traditional and complementary medicine. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of hypertensive patients on the use of traditional and complementary medicine. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was performed in 400 hypertensive patients attending an academic outpatient clinic in Mazandaran Heart Center, Iran 2017. Data were recorded by a demographic questionnare and a researcher-made questionnaire about the knowledge and attitudes of hypertensive patients on the use of traditional and complementary medicine. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean HTN was 14.19±3.14 mm/Hg. Low and moderate awarness about the use of traditional and complementary medicine were seen in 63.5% and 36.5%, of hypertensive patients, respectively. Among the patients, 14% were found to have moderate attitude and 86% had positive attitude towards traditional and complementary medicine. Significant associations were found between attitude and marital stuatus, educational level, occupation, place of residence, comorbidities, and family history of the disease (P <0.001). There was a direct correlation between attitude and age (P= 0.01, r= 0.14) but a significant negative correlation between attitude and duration of HTN (P= 0.03, r = -0. 12). Conclusion: More than half of the patients had low knowledge about the use of traditional and complementary medicine, however, they were found to have positive attitudes toawrds traditional and complementary medicine. Therefore, health authorities are recommended to provide people with more information on traditional and complementary medicine.   58 66 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/5 1396/11/16 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/2 1397/12/11 سید افشین شروفی Shorofi Seyed Afshin استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات طب سنتی و مکمل، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران.فلوی پژوهشی ادجانکت، دانشگاه فلیندرز، آدلاید، استرالیا ایران معصومه باقری نسامی Masumeh Bagheri-Nesami دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات طب سنتی و مکمل، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران ویدا شفیع پور Vida Shafipour استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات طب سنتی و مکمل، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران vidashafipour@yahoo.com knowledge attitude use traditional medicine complementary medicine hypertension آگاهی نگرش بکارگیری طب سنتی طب مکمل پرفشاری خون 1. Xiong X, Yang X, Feng B, Liu W, Duan L, Gao A, et al. Zhen Gan Xi Feng Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula, for the Treatment of Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013.##2. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton P-K, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365(9455): 217-223.##3. Haghdoost AA, Sadeghirad B, Rezazadehkermani M. Epidemiology and Heterogeneity of Hypertension in Iran: A Systematic Review. Arch Iranian Med 2008; 11(4): 444-452.##4. Azizi A, Abasi MR, Abdoli GH. The prevalence of Hypertension and its Association with Age, Sex and BMI in a Population Being Educated Using Community-Based Medicine in Kermanshah: 2003. Iran J Endocrin Metabol 2008; 10(4): 323-329 (Persian).##5. Amira OC, Okubadejo NU. Frequency of complementary and alternative medicine utilization in hypertensive patients attending an urban tertiary care centre in Nigeria. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007; 7:30.##6. 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بررسی تاثیر مشاوره با رویکرد شناختی- رفتاری بر عزت نفس زنان هیسترکتومی شده در سنین باروری Effect of Counseling based on Cognitive Behavioral Approach on Self-esteem of Hysterectomized Women of Reproductive Ages 1 1  سابقه و هدف: هیسترکتومی دومین علت شایع جراحی زنان در سنین باروری است. مطالعات نشان می‌دهد زنان هیسترکتومی شده از ناخوشی‌های روانی و فیزیکی با هم رنج می برند. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر مشاوره با رویکرد شناختی- رفتاری بر عزت نفس زنان هیسترکتومی شده در سنین باروری انجام پذیرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی با کد IRCT20180222038828N1 که در سال 1397 انجام پذیرفت، 40 نفر از زنان 45-15 ساله که در بیمارستان امام و رازی شهر اهواز هیسترکتومی شده بودند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. زنان دارای نمره کم‌تر از 15 در پرسشنامه عزت نفس روزنبرگ با استفاده از جدول اعداد تصادفی به دو گروه 20 نفری آزمون و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمون تحت 12 جلسه درمان شناختی- رفتاری قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل هیچ آموزشی دریافت نکردند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه عزت نفس روزنبرگ، افسردگی بک و مشخصات فردی بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از میانگین، انحراف معیار، آزمون های تی مستقل، کای دو، تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌های مکرر انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین نمرات عزت نفس قبل از مداخله در دو گروه آزمون و کنترل تفاوت آماری معناداری نداشت (527/0=P). میانگین نمره عزت نفس قبل و بعد از مداخله در گروه آزمون از 83/1±22/12 به 52/1±72/22 افزایش (001/0>P) و در گروه کنترل از 19/1±89/11 به 38/1±47/11 (001/0=P) کاهش یافت که در طی زمان معنی‌دار بود و همچنین تفاوت بین دو گروه در طی زمان‌های بعد از مداخله معنادار بوده است (001/0>P). استنتاج: درمان شناختی- رفتاری می‌تواند به عنوان یک رویکرد درمانی در بهبود عزت نفس زنان هیسترکتومی شده در سنین باروری موثر باشد. شماره ثبت کارآزمایی بالینی : 1N20180222038828IRCT 2   Background and purpose: Hysterectomy is the second most common cause of surgery in women of reproductive ages. Evidence show that women who undergo hysterectomy suffer from psychological and physical illnesses. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on self-esteem of hysterectomized women of reproductive ages. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in 40 women aged between 15-45 years who were hysterectomized in Ahvaz Imam and Razi hospitals, 2018. Women with scores ≤15 Rosenberg self-esteem scale were divided into two groups of test (n=20) and control (n=20). The test group attended 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group received no training. Data were collected using Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was done applying independent t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The mean score for self-esteem was not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P= 0.527). But, the mean score for self-esteem before and after the intervention in the test group increased from 12.22±1.83 to 22.72±±1.52 (P< 0.001) and in the control group decreased from 11.89±±1.19 to 11.47±±1.38 (P= 0.001). Also, a significant difference was found between the two groups during the post-intervention period (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy could be used as an effective therapeutic approach to improve the self-esteem of hysterectomized women in reproductive ages.   (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20180222038828N1) 67 80 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/31 1397/5/9 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/12 1397/8/21 گلنوش محمدنژاد Golnoosh Mohamadnezhad دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد مشاوره در مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران میترا تدین نجف آبادی Mitra Tadayon Najafabadi مربی، مرکز تحقیقات یائسگی در زنان و مردان، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران حسین کمیلی ثانی Hossein Komeilisani مربی، گروه پرستاری و مرکز مطالعات و توسعه ی آموزش پزشکی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران محمدحسین حقیقی زاده Mohamadhosein Haghighizadeh مربی، گروه آمار حیاتی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران self-esteem hysterectomy counseling cognitive behavioral therapy عزت نفس هیسترکتومی مشاوره درمان شناختی رفتاری 1. 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بررسی کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت و استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های رسانه ای در نوجوانان Investigating Health-Related Quality of Life and the Use of Media Technologies in Adolescents 1 1 سابقه و هدف: تکنولوژی‌های ارتباطی دارای تأثیراتی دوگانه بر سلامت و زندگی بشر می‌باشند، به طوری که در کنار نقش مهمی که در افزایش رفاه و آسایش بشر ایفا می‌کنند، دارای جنبه‌هایی آسیب‌رسان نیز می‌باشند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت استفاده از تکنولوژی های نوین رسانه‌ای و رابطه آن با کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت در دانش‌آموزان به انجام رسید. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش مقطعی، تعداد 567 نفر از دانش‌آموزان مقطع متوسطه شهر کرمانشاه در سال 1395، با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و پرسشنامه‌های پژوهش شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک، چک‌لیست استفاده از تکنولوژی های رسانه‌ای و پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی WHOQOL-BREF را تکمیل نمودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS18 و با کمک آزمون‌های آماری همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون خطی و آنالیزواریانس یکطرفه و چندگانه تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: میانگین نمره کیفیت زندگی کلی پاسخگویان 76/15±33/62 بود. هم چنین استفاده روزانه پاسخگویان از کامپیوتر یا لپ‌تاپ، موبایل، تبلت، تلویزیون و ماهواره به ترتیب برابر 1/61 درصد، 2/87 درصد، 4/26 درصد، 9/86 درصد و 9/26 درصد بود. بین میانگین نمره کیفیت زندگی کلی پاسخگویان از نظر میزان استفاده از موبایل، تبلت و ماهواره تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده شد (01/0< P)؛ اما در خصوص تلویزیون و کامپیوتر، تفاوت معنی‌دار نبود (05/0> P). استنتاج: در مجموع در این پژوهش، عدم استفاده یا استفاده کم از ماهواره با کیفیت زندگی مطلوب‌تر همراه بود. اما در خصوص موبایل، تبلت و کامپیوتر و لپ‌تاپ، استفاده دو ساعت در روز نسبت به عدم استفاده یا استفاده بیش تر از 2 ساعت با کیفیت زندگی بالاتر همراه بود. بنابراین استفاده محدود از تکنولوژی های نوین رسانه‌ای، می‌تواند با کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت مطلوب‌تری همراه باشد. 2 Background and purpose: Communication technologies have a dual effect on human health and life. In fact beside their major role in improving human well-being, they also have harmful consequences. This research aimed at studying media technologies and their relationship with health related quality of life in students. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 567 high school students in Kermanshah, Iran 2017. They were selected using multi-stage sampling and completed a demographic checklist, media usage checklist, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS V18, using Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, one-way and two-way ANOVA. Results: The mean score for total quality of life was 62.33 ± 15.76. Daily uses of computer, laptop, mobile phone, tablet, TV, and satellite program were 61.1%, 87.2%, 26.4%, 86.9%, and 26.9%, respectively. The mean score for overall quality of life in using mobile phone, tablet, and satellite program was significantly different between the adolescents (P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference between them in using TV and computer (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In general, no use or low use of satellite programs were associated with better scores for quality of life. But using mobile phone, tablet, computer, and laptop for two hours a day was associated with higher quality of life scores, compared with their use for more than two hours per day. Therefore, limited use of media technologies could lead to better health related quality of life. 81 91 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/14 1397/4/23 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/17 1397/8/26 سید رامین قاسمی Seyed Ramin Ghasemi کارشناس ارشد رفاه اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران. ایران qasemi_sr@yahoo.com نادر رجبی گیلان Nader Rajabi Gilan کارشناس ارشد پژوهش اجتماعی، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران rajabi_nader@yahoo.com سهیلا رشادت Sohyla Reshadat دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، ایران ایران sreshadat@kums.ac.ir علی همتی Ali Hemati کارشناس حسابداری، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران ali.hemati2013@gmail.com media technologies health related quality of life adolescents تکنولوژی های رسانه‌ای کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت نوجوانان 1. Sisson SB, Church TS, Martin CK, Tudor-Locke C, Smith SR, Bouchard C, et al. Profiles of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006. Int J Pediatr Obes 2009; 4(4): 353-359.##2. Hale L, Guan S. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 21: 50-58.##3. Strasburger VC, Hogan MJ, Mulligan DA, Ameenuddin N, Christakis DA, Cross C, et al. Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatr 2013; 132(5): 958-961.##4. Lenhart A, Kahne J, Middaugh E, Macgill AR, Evans C, Vitak J. Teens, Video Games, and Civics: Teens' Gaming Experiences Are Diverse and Include Significant Social Interaction and Civic Engagement. Pew Research Center: Internet & Technology 2008.V. 1##5. Foerster M, Röösli M. A latent class analysis on adolescents media use and associations with health related quality of life. Computers in Human Behavior 2017; 71: 266-74.##6. Reshadat S, Ghasemi S, Ahmadian M, RajabiGilan N. The relationship between playing computer or video games with mental health and social relationships among students in guidance schools, Kermanshah. East Meditter Health J 2013; 19(Suppl 3): S11 5- S22.##7. Allahverdipour H, Bazargan M, Farhadinasab A, Moeini B. Correlates of video games playing among adolescents in an Islamic country. BMC Public Health 2010; 10(1): 286.##8. Barlow SE. The Expert Committee. Expert committee ecommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: Summary report. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (Supplement 4): S164-S92.##9. Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Marshall SJ, Cameron N. The prevalence of sedentary behavior and physical activity in leisure time: a study of Scottish adolescents using ecological momentary assessment. Prev Med 2009; 48(2): 151-155##10. Nelson MC, Neumark-Stzainer D, Hannan PJ, Sirard JR, Story M. Longitudinal and secular trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior during adolescence. Pediatrics 2006; 118(6): e1627-e34.##11. Fakhouri TH, Hughes JP, Brody DJ, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Physical activity and screen-time viewing among elementary school–aged children in the United States from 2009 to 2010. JAMA Pediatr 2013; 167(3): 223-229.##12. Gable S, Chang Y, Krull JL. Television watching and frequency of family meals are predictive of overweight onset and persistence in a national sample of school-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107(1): 53-61.##13. Plant S. The effects of mobile telephones ##on social and individual life. Report commissioned by Motorola. 2000.##14. Boone JE, Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM. Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2007; 4(1): 26.##15. Foley LS, Maddison R, Jiang Y, Marsh S, Olds T, Ridley K. Presleep activities and time of sleep onset in children. Pediatrics 2013; 131(2): 276-282.##16. Shang L, Wang J, O'Loughlin J, Tremblay A, Mathieu M-È, Henderson M, et al. Screen time is associated with dietary intake in overweight Canadian children. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2: 265-259.##17. Lacy KE, Allender SE, Kremer PJ, de Silva-Sanigorski AM, Millar LM, Moodie ML, et al. Screen time and physical activity behaviours are associated with health-related quality of life in Australian adolescents. Qual life Res 2012; 21(6):1085-1099.##18. Davies CA, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, van Uffelen JG. Associations of physical activity and screen-time on health related quality of life in adults. Prev Med 2012; 55(1): 46-49.##19. World Health Organization (WHO). Division of Mental Health. WHOQOL-BREF: Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of the Assessment, Field Trial Version. Geneva: (WHO), 1996.##20. Nejat S, Montazeri A, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh SR. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of School Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 2007; 4(4): 1-12 (Persian).##21. Mohammad-Alikhani S, Asefzadeh S, Jahani-Hashemi H. Investigating quality of life iof Qazvin University of Medical Sciences students (2009). Edrak: Journal of Student Research Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 2011; 6(22): 5-11 (Persian).##22. Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O'Connell KA. The World Health Organization's (WHO). BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of life Research 2004; 13(2): 299-310.##23. Dumuid D, Olds T, Lewis LK, Martin-Fernández JA, Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira T, et al. Health-related quality of life and lifestyle behavior clusters in school-aged children from 12 countries. J Pediatr 2017; 183: 178-183.##24. Yosaee S, Ansari S, Zamani A, Gharamaleki A, Mahmoudi M, Djafarian K. Relationship between the Times Spent Watching TV and Playing Games with Fat Mass in Primary School Children. Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2012; 23(98): 222-231 (Persian).##25. Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, Poulton R. Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet 2004; 364(9430): 257-262.##26. Colley RC, Garriguet D, Janssen I, Wong SL, Saunders TJ, Carson V, et al. The association between accelerometer-measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. BMC Public Health 2013; 13(1): 200.##27. Saunders TJ, Chaput JP, Goldfield GS, Colley RC, Kenny GP, Doucet E, et al. Prolonged sitting and markers of cardiometabolic disease risk in children and youth: a randomized crossover study. Metabolism 2013; 62(10): 1423-1428.##28. Ahmadee P, Khaademee E, Fattahee Bayaat S .Social adjustment and use of new technologies among high school sophomores in Tehran. New Thoughts on Education 2009; 5(3): 9-36. (Persian)##29. Kremer P, Elshaug C, Leslie E, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC, Williams J. Physical activity, leisure-time screen use and depression among children and young adolescents. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17(2): 183-187.##30. Zamani I, Kheradmand A, Cheshmi M, Abedi A, Hedayati N. Comparing the social skills of students addicted to computer games with normal students. Addict Health 2010; 2(3-4): 59-65.##31. Kasiri DolatAbadi N, Eslami A, Mostafavi F, Hasanzadeh A, Moradi A. The Relationship between Computer Games and Quality of Life in Adolescents Aging 12-15 in the City of Borkhar, Iran. Health Syst Res 2011; 3(3): 291-300 (Persian).## ## ##

اثر محافظتی عصا ره هیدروالکلی آویشن شیرازی بر سمیت خونی ناشی از سیس پلاتین در موش سوری Protective Effect of Zataria Multiflora Boiss against Cisplatin-Induced Hematotoxicity in Mice 1 1 سابقه و هدف: سیس پلاتین، یکی از داروهای شیمی درمانی است و سبب تغییرات هماتولوژیک می‌شود. آویشن شیرازی دارای خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین اثر محافظتی عصاره هیدروالکلی آویشن شیرازی بر تغییرات هماتولوژیک ناشی از سیس پلاتین در موش سوری انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: 32 سر موش سوری نر بالغ(30-25 گرم)، به 4 گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه کنترل به مدت 7روز نرمال سالین دریافت کردند. گروه آویشن شیرازی، آویشن شیرازی با دوز 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلو گرم وزن بدن به مدت 7روز با گاواژ دریافت کردند. به گروه سیس پلاتین، سیس پلاتین با دوز 10 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به صورت داخل صفاقی در روز 5 مطالعه تزریق شد. گروه آویشن شیرازی+سیس پلاتین، آویشن شیرازی را به مدت 7 روز دریافت کردند و سیس پلاتین در روز 5 مطالعه تزریق شد. در روز هشتم خون حاصل از قلب موش‌ها جهت ارزیابی هماتولوژی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارSPSS و با آزمون هایANOVA و Tukey آنالیز شدند. یافته‌ها: تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز، هموگلوبین، پلاکت، میانگین حجم گلبول قرمز، میانگین هموگلوبین گلبول قرمز و میانگین غلظت هموگلوبین گلبول قرمز به طور معنی‌داری در گروهی که سیس پلاتین دریافت کردند در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش و تعداد گلبول‌های سفید افزایش یافت. آویشن شیرازی این تغییرات را بهبود بخشید(05/0< p). استنتاج: آویشن شیرازی تغییرات هماتولوژیک ناشی از تجویز سیس پلاتین در موش سوری را بهبود بخشید.   2 Background and purpose: Cisplatin (CP) is an anticancer drug that cause hematological changes. Zataria Multiflora Boiss (ZM) has antioxidant property. The preset study was done to determine the protective effect of ZM against hematological changes induced by Cisplatin in mice. Materials and methods: Thirty two adult male mice (25-30 g) were divided into 4 groups: the control group received normal saline for 7 days; ZM group received ZM (200 mg/kg) for 7 days by gavage; CP group received Intraperitoneal CP (10 mg/kg) injection at day 5; ZM + CP group received ZM for 7 days and CP was injected at day 5. Then, blood samples were taken for hematological assessment at day 8 of the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS applying ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC significantly decreased and white blood cells increased in the group that received CP compared with those of the control group. ZM improved these changes (P<0.05). Conclusion: ZM improved hematological changes induced by Cisplatin in mice.   92 98 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/19 1397/5/28 شکوه کریمی Shokooh Karimi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم تشریح، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران جلال حسینی مهر Jalal Hosseinimehr استاد، گروه رادیوفارماسی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران عباسعلی کریم پور ملک شاه Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah استاد، گروه علوم تشریح، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران فرشته طالب پور امیری Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri استادیار، گروه علوم تشریح، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران E-mail: ftaleb2001@yahoo.co.uk Cisplatin Zataria Multiflora Boiss hematological parameters سیس پلاتین آویشن شیرازی پارامترهای هماتولوژیک 1. Karale S, Kamath JV. Effect of daidzein on cisplatin-induced hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 49(1): 49-54.##2. Longchar A, Prasad SB. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) ameliorates cisplatin-induced hematotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS) 2016; 5(4): 1870-1891.##3. Cheng YJ, Wu R, Cheng Ml, Du J, Hu Xw, Yu L, et al. Carboplatin-induced hematotoxicity among patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Analysis on clinical adverse events and drug-gene interactions. Oncotarget 2017; 8(19): 32228-32236.##4. Elwej A, Ben Salah G, Kallel C, Fakhfakh F, Zeghal N, Ben Amara I. Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats. Pharm Biol 2016; 54(6): 964-974.##5. Bhachandra W, Alqadhi YA, Ninawe A. Ameliorative role of bee honey and royal jelly against cisplatin induced Alteration In Hematological parameters in Male wister albino Rat. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2018; 10(4): 10.##6. Milhomem-Paixão SSR, Fascineli ML, Roll MM, Longo JPF, Azevedo RB, Pieczarka JC, et al. The lipidome, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and antioxidant properties of andiroba oil from the Brazilian Amazon. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39(2): 248-256.##7. Shafiee A, Javidnia K. Composition of essential oil of Zataria multiflora. Planta Med 1997; 63(4): 371-372.##8. Abdali K, Jahed L, Amooee S, Zarshenas M, Tabatabaee H, Bekhradi R. Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 683640.##9. Luna A, Lema-Alba R, Dambolena JS, Zygadlo JA, Labaque MC, Marin RH. Thymol as natural antioxidant additive for poultry feed: oxidative stability improvement. Poult Sci 2017; 96(9): 3214-3220.##10. Kaschubek T, Mayer E, Schatzmayr G, Teichmann K. Analysis of anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol and curcumin in vitro using the IPEC-J2 cell culture model. Planta Medica International Open. 2017; 4(S 01): Mo-PO-239.##11. Wang P, Luo Q, Qiao H, Ding H, Cao Y, Yu J, et al. The neuroprotective effects of carvacrol on ethanol-induced hippocampal neurons impairment via the antioxidative and antiapoptotic pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017;2017: 4079425.##12. Khazdair MR, Ghorani V, Alavinezhad A, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss L. and its constituents focus on their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32(1): 26-50.##13. Boskabady MH. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immuonomodutory Effects of Zataria Mulefora Boiss L. on Animal Model of Asthma. Respiratory. USA: WILEY, 2017.##14. Hosseinimehr SJ, Mahmoudzadeh A, Ahmadi A, Ashrafi SA, Shafaghati N, Hedayati N. The radioprotective effect of Zataria multiflora against genotoxicity induced by γ irradiation in human blood lymphocytes. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26(3): 325-329.##15. Karimi S, Hosseinimehr SJ, Mohammadi HR, Khalatbary AR, Talebpour Amiri F. Zataria multiflora ameliorates cisplatin-induced testicular damage via suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mice model. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21(6): 607-614 (Persian).##16. Marković SD, Žižić JB, Đačić DS, Obradović AD, Ćurčić MG, Cvetković DM, et al. Alteration of oxidative stress parameters in red blood cells of rats after chronic in vivo treatment with cisplatin and selenium. Archives of Biological Sciences 2011; 63(4): 991-999.##17. Zahiri S, Dezfolyan A, Mambini M, Dehghani D. Study of stereologic method in nephrotoxicity of cisplatin the anti-neoplastic drug in male rats. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2002;12(37): 1-11 (Persian).##18. Karimi S, Hossenimehr SJ, Mohammadi HR, Khalatbary AR, Talebpour AiriI F. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora mitigates cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and hepatotoxicity in mice. Marmara Pharm J 2018; 22(3(: 368-395.##19. El‐Sayed ESM, Mansour AM, Abdul-Hameed MS. Thymol and carvacrol prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30(1): 37-44.##20. Hajihashemi S, Jafarian T, Ahmadi M, Rahbari A, Ghanbari F. Ameliorative Effects of Zataria Multiflora Hydro-Alcoholic extract on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Drug Res(Stuttg) 2018; 68(7): 387-394.##21. Minaiyan M, Sajjadi S-E, Amini-Dehkordi K. Antiulcer effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018; 8(5): 408-415 (Persian).##22. Boskabady MH, Jalali S. Effect of Zataria multiflora extract on total and differential white blood cell count and endothelin level in blood of ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 1-5.##23. Khazdair MR, Rajabi O, Balali-Mood M, Beheshti F, Boskabady MH. The effect of Zataria multiflora on pulmonary function tests, hematological and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in sulfur mustard exposed veterans, a randomized doubled-blind clinical trial. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 58: 180-188.##24. Kawai S, Okamura J, Ogawa M, Ohashi Y, Tani M, Inoue J, et al. Prospective and randomized clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma—a comparison of lipiodol-transcatheter arterial embolization with and without Adriamycin (first cooperative study). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 31(1): S1-S6.##25. Chatterjee R, Law S. Epigenetic and microenvironmental alterations in bone marrow associated with ROS in experimental aplastic anemia. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97(1): 32-43.## ## ##

عوامل پیشگویی کننده علائم یائسگی در زنان پست منوپوز Predictors of Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women 1 1 سابقه و هدف: یائسگی یک فرایند فیزیولوژیک طبیعی می‌باشد که می‌تواند زندگی بسیاری از زنان میانسال را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. با توجه به تناقضات موجود در خصوص تاثیر عوامل مختلف در شدت علائم یائسگی، مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی فاکتورهای تعیین کننده علائم یائسگی در زنان پست منوپوز شهر تهران طراحی شد. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش مقطعی حاضر بر روی 307 زن یائسه 65-45 ساله واجد شرایط ورود به مطالعه با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انجام شد. اطلاعات مطالعه با استفاده از پرسش‌ نامه حاوی اطلاعات شخصی و مقیاس درجه‌بندی یائسگی (Menopause Rating Scale) جمع‌آوری و از کلیه زنان مورد مطالعه نمونه خون جهت سنجش سطح استرادیول خون گرفته شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های آمار توصیفی، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، آزمون من ویتنی و رگرسیون خطی چندگانه به روش گام به گام مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش، ارتباط منفی معنی‌دار بین علائم یائسگی با سن ازدواج (12/0-=, r 03/0=P)، سن اولین بارداری (11/0-=, r04/0=P)، سطح استرادیول سرم (32/0-=, r 001/0>P)، وضعیت تحصیلی (24/0-=, r 001/0>P) و ارتباط مثبت معنی‌دار با تعداد حاملگی (19/0=, r 001/0=P)، شاخص توده بدنی (11/0=, r 04/0=P) مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین نمره کل MRS در دو گروه با و بدون فعالیت ورزشی اختلاف معنی‌داری دارد (01/0=P). براساس نتایج حاصل از آنالیز رگرسیون خطی مشخص گردید که به ترتیب سطح استرادیول سرم (001/0>P)، وضعیت تحصیلی (001/0P=) و فعالیت ورزشی (015/0P=) از عوامل پیشگویی‌کننده شدت علائم یائسگی هستند. استنتاج: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر علاوه بر درمان‌های هورمونی، می توان زنان را به داشتن فعالیت ورزشی و تغییر در شیوه زندگی برای اداره علائم یائسگی توصیه کرد.   2 Background and purpose: Menopause is a normal physiological process which influences the life of many middle-aged women. Studies reported different results on the effects of various factors on severity of menopausal symptoms. This study was designed to identify the factors determining menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women in Tehran, Iran 2015. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 307 postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years old selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Blood sample were taken to measure estradiol levels. Data were analyzed applying Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney test, and Stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: In this study, significant negative associations were found between menopausal symptoms and at marriage (r= -0.12, P=0.03), age at first pregnancy (r= -0.11, P=0.04), education level (r= -0.24, P<0.001), and estradiol level (r= -0.32, P<0.001). We observed significant positive associations between menopausal symptoms and parity (r=0.19, P=0.001) and BMI (r=0.11, P=0.04). A significant difference was observed between the groups with and without physical activity (P=0.01). Regression analysis showed estradiol levels (P<0.001), education level (P=0.001), and physical activity (P=0.015) as strong predictors of menopausal symptoms. Conclusion: In order to improve the severity of menopausal symptoms, alongside hormone therapy, women should be advised to adopt a healthy lifestyle and do more physical activities.   99 105 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/11 1397/3/21 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/20 1397/7/28 ندا محمدزاده Neda Mohamadzade دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران شهیده جهانیان سادات محله Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh استادیار، گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران سعیده ضیائی Saeideh Ziaei استاد، گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران ziaei_sa@modraes.ac.ir نرگس زعیم زاده Narges Zaeemzadeh دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بهداشت باروری و مامایی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران انوشیروان کاظم نژاد Anoshirvan Kazemnejad استاد، گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران demographic factors estradiol menopause symptoms physical activity عوامل دموگرافیک استرادیول علائم یائسگی فعالیت ورزشی 1. Berek JS. Berek & Novak's Gynecology. 15th ed. Philadelphia.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.##2. Li L, Wu J, Pu D, Zhao Y, Wan C, Sun L, et al. Factors associated with the age of natural menopause and menopausal symptoms in Chinese women. Maturitas 2012; 73(4): 354-360.##3. Ogurlu N, Kucuk M, Aksu H. Influence of employment status on menopausal symptoms. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 112(3): 204-207.##4. Tan MN, Kartal M, Guldal D. The effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausal symptoms in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC Womens Health 2014; 14: 38.##5. Dhanoya T, Sievert LL, Muttukrishna S, Begum K, Sharmeen T, Kasim A, et al. Hot flushes and reproductive hormone levels during the menopausal transition. Maturitas 2016; 89: 43-51.##6. Carranza Lira S, Orozco Ortiz ME, Olivares Segura A, Chan Verdugo R, Cardenas Leon M. [Levels of estradiol and serum testosterone in healthy postmenopausal women and its relationship with symptoms]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2009; 77(10): 465-468.##7. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, Gracia CR, Pien GW, Nelson DB, et al. Symptoms associated with menopausal transition and reproductive hormones in midlife women. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110(2): 230-240.##8. Gold EB, Sternfeld B, Kelsey JL, Brown C, Mouton C, Reame N, et al. Relation of demographic and lifestyle factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40-55 years of age. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152(5): 463-473.##9. Takeo C, Ugai K, Araki J, Zhang L, Baba M, Ohashi W, et al. Pharmacogenetics of hormone replacement therapy for climacteric symptoms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374(4): 604-608.##10. van Noord PA, Dubas JS, Dorland M, Boersma H, te Velde E. Age at natural menopause in a population-based screening cohort: the role of menarche, fecundity, and lifestyle factors. Fertil Steril 1997; 68(1): 95-102.##11. Nelson DB, Sammel MD, Freeman EW, Lin H, Gracia CR, Schmitz KH. Effect of physical activity on menopausal symptoms among urban women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(1): 50-58.##12. Canario AC, Cabral PU, Spyrides MH, Giraldo PC, Eleuterio J, Jr., Goncalves AK. The impact of physical activity on menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012; 118(1): 34-36.##13. Whitcomb BW, Whiteman MK, Langenberg P, Flaws JA, Romani WA. Physical activity and risk of hot flashes among women in midlife. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007; 16(1): 124-133.##14. Kim HM, Park J, Ryu SY, Kim J. The effect of menopause on the metabolic syndrome among Korean women: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(3): 701-706.##15. Heinemann K, Ruebig A, Potthoff P, Schneider HP, Strelow F, Heinemann LA, et al. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale: a methodological review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004; 2: 45.##16. Bruce D, Rymer J. Symptoms of the menopause. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 23(1): 25-32.##17. Erlik Y, Meldrum DR, Judd HL. Estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with hot flashes. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59(4): 403-407.##18. Craft RM. Modulation of pain by estrogens. Pain 2007; 132 Suppl 1: S3-12.##19. Fallahzade H, Dehghani Tafti A, Dehghani Tafti M, Hoseini F, Hoseini H. Factors affecting quality of life after menopause in women,Yazd 2008. JSSU 2011; 18(6): 552-558.##20. Taher YA, Ben Emhemed HM, Tawati AM. Menopausal age, related factors and climacteric symptoms in Libyan women. Climacteric 2013; 16(1): 179-184.##21. da Silva AR, d'Andretta Tanaka AC. Factors associated with menopausal symptom severity in middle-aged Brazilian women from the Brazilian Western Amazon. Maturitas 2013; 76(1): 64-69.##22. Wilbur J, Miller AM, McDevitt J, Wang E, Miller J. Menopausal status, moderate-intensity walking, and symptoms in midlife women. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2005; 19(2): 163-180.##23. Li S, Holm K, Gulanick M, Lanuza D, Penckofer S. The relationship between physical activity and perimenopause. Health Care Women Int 1999; 20(2): 163-178.##24. Sinaei M, Kargarfard M, Sharifi G, Rouzbahani R, Arabzadeh A. The Effect of Acute Swim Exercise Training Session on Changes in Serum Beta-endorphin and Cortisol Levels in Male Sprint Swimmers. J Isfahan Med School 2011; 29: 1-10 (Persian).##25. Chedraui P, Aguirre W, Hidalgo L, Fayad L. Assessing menopausal symptoms among healthy middle aged women with the Menopause Rating Scale. Maturitas 2007; 57(3): 271-278.## ## ##

بررسی نگرش و میزان به کار گیری تکنیک های ارزیابی راه هوایی در تیم بیهوشی و اورژانس بیمارستان های شمال ایران Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine Personnel Attitudes towards Preoperative Airway Assessment and Its Application in North of Iran 1 1 سابقه و هدف: ارزیابی قبل از جراحی راه هوایی، اهمیت زیادی در بیهوشی دارد. هدف مطالعه، نگرش و میزان به کار گیری تکنیک های ارزیابی راه هوایی در تیم بیهوشی و اورژانس بیمارستان های شمال ایران بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی مقطعی، بیهوشی دهندگان بخش های بیهوشی بیمارستان های مازندران، گلستان و بابل شرکت داشتند. فرم پژوهشگر ساخته جمع‌آوری داده ها شامل اطلاعات دموگرافیک و تست های ارزیابی راه هوایی بود و بخش نگرشی شامل 8 سوال در طیف لیکرت بود که به صورت خود ایفا تکمیل شد. تحلیل یافته ها و نقش متغیر های دموگرافیک، با آزمون‌های test-t، ANOVA، آزمون‌های کای دو و فیشر انجام شد. یافته‌ها: 193 نفر از 215 نفر پاسخ دادند. 7/49 درصد از مازندران، 3/23 درصد از بابل و 9/26 درصد از گلستان بودند. 2/64 درصد از شرکت کنندگان زن بودند. 9/83 درصد نگرش مثبت داشتند. میانگین امتیازات نگرشی اخذ شده برابر 2/3 ±6/32، حداقل 23 و حداکثر 40 بود. تفاوت معنی داری بین نگرش کارشناسان و دستیاران و متخصصین از نظر به کارگیری تکنیک های ارزیابی وجود داشت (003/0P<) و Odd's Ratio(OR)=2/648, CI:95% (1/348-5/202). 3/94 درصد شرکت کنندگان، ارزیابی وضعیت گردن از نظر کوتاهی را بیش تر به کار بردند. استنتاج: با توجه به تعدد تکنیک‌های ارزیابی راه هوایی، بیهوشی دهندگان نگرش مثبت به استفاده از بعضی از آن ها را داشتند. پیشنهاد می شود تست هایی که شواهد مناسب تری دارند، در برنامه های آموزشی لحاظ شود.   2 Background and purpose: Preoperative airway assessment is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of anesthesia and emergency medicine personnel towards preoperative airway assessment and its use in hospitals located in north of Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among anesthesiology personnel in the hospitals of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces and Babol hospitals. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of personnel demographic information, airway assessment techniques, and attitudes (8-item Likert scale). Data analysis was done applying t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Fisher test. Results: The research population included 215 people of whom 193 (49.7% in Mazandaran province, 23.3% in Babol, and 26.9% in Golestan province) completed the questionnaires. The respondents included 64.2% females. Totally, 83.9% were found to have positive attitudes towards preoperative airway assessment. The mean score for attitude was 32.6±3.2 (23-40). There were significant differences between the attitudes of anesthesiology technicians, residents, and anaesthetists (OR= 2.648, CI: 95% [1.348-5.202], P <0.003). Among the participants, 94.3% reported using short neck assessment in preoperative airway assessment. Conclusion: Among numerous airway assessment techniques, the participants had a positive attitude towards using some of them. Therefore, more evidence-based tests are needed in training programs. 106 111 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/9 1397/6/18 عبدالله عمادی Abdollah Emadi استادیار، گروه بیهوشی و مراقبت های ویژه، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران ، ساری، ایران ایران حسین محمدی Hossein Mohammadi دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران ، ساری، ایران ایران ابراهیم نصیری Ebrahim Nasiri استادیار، گروه هوشبری و اتاق عمل، مرکز تحقیقات طب سنتی و مکمل، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران rezanf2002@yahoo.com airway management anesthesia attitude کنترل راه هوایی بیهوشی نگرش 1. Crosby ET, Cooper RM, Douglas MJ, Doyle DJ, Hung OR, Labrecque P, et al. The unanticipated difficult airway with recommendations for management. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45(8): 757-776.##2. Hanifi MT, Pimentel MP, Motzkus C, Gosnell J, Aglio LS. The effects of dynamic airway photographs on preoperative airway planning among a panel of anesthetists. J Clin Anesth 2017; 36: 54-88.##3. Nasiri E, Akbari H, Farrokhi H, Ebrahimi F, Nasiri R. A comparison of the Upper Lip Bite Test with Inter Incisor Distance in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2013; 23(105): 71-79 (Persian).##4. Berkow LC, Ariyo P. Preoperative assessment of the airway. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2015; 5(1): 28-35.##5. Rochlen LR, Housey M, Gannon I, Mitchell S, Rooney DM, Tait AR, et al. Assessing anesthesiology residents’ out-of-the-operating-room (OOOR) emergent airway management. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17(1): 96.##6. Bindra A, Prabhakar H, Singh GP, Ali Z, Singhal V. Is the modified Mallampati test performed in supine position a reliable predictor of difficult tracheal intubation? J Anesth 2010; 24(3): 482-485.##7. Khan ZH, Kashfi A, Ebrahimkhani E. A comparison of the upper lip bite test (a simple new technique) with modified Mallampati classification in predicting difficulty in endotracheal intubation: a prospective blinded study. Anesth Analg 2003; 96(2): 595-599.##8. Khan ZH, Mofrad MK, Arabi S, Javid MJ, Makarem J. Upper lip bite test as a predictor of difficult mask ventilation: a prospective study. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 2009; 20(3): 377-382.##9. Tuzuner-Oncul AM, Kucukyavuz Z. Prevalence and prediction of difficult intubation in maxillofacial surgery patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66(8): 1652-1628.##10. Gray CE, Baruah-Young J, Payne CJ. Preoperative assessment in patients presenting for elective surgery. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 2015; 16(9): 425-430.##11. Soydan S, Bayram B, Akdeniz B, Kayhan Z, Uckan S. Changes in difficult airway predictors following mandibular setback surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44(11): 1351-1354.##12. Arne J, Descoins P, Fusciardi J, Ingrand P, Ferrier B, Boudigues D, et al. Preoperative assessment for difficult intubation in general and ENT surgery: predictive value of a clinical multivariate risk index. Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80(2): 140-146.##13. Fulkerson JS, Moore HM, Anderson TS, Lowe RF. Ultrasonography in the preoperative difficult airway assessment. J Clin Monit Comput. 2017; 31(3): 513-530.##14. Selvi O, Kahraman T, Senturk O, Tulgar S, Serifsoy E, Ozer Z. Evaluation of the reliability of preoperative descriptive airway assessment tests in prediction of the Cormack- Lehane score: A prospective randomized clinical study. J Clin Anesth. 2017; 36: 21-26.##15. Haddadi S, Salmani A. Management of the difficult Airway. Gilan Nursing Midvif J 2008; 18(59): 51-54 (Persain).##16. Sadeghi SA, Setoode A. Comparison of Malapathy Sensitivity and Characteristics and Thyromentan Difference in the Assessment of Upper Airway and Intubation Propagation. Tehran Univ Med Sci J 2001; 9(63): 717-##722 (Persian).##17. Karakus O, Kaya C, Ustun FE, Koksal E, Ustun YB. Predictive value of preoperative tests in estimating difficult intubation in patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy in ear, nose, and throat surgery. Rev Bras Anestesiola. 2015; 65(2): 85-91.##18. Sabour S. Reliability of preoperative descriptive airway assessment tests in prediction of the Cormack-Lehane score: Methodological issues. J Clin Anesth 2017; 38:172.##19. Pardo CM, Miller DR. Basics of Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphhia: Elsevire; 2008, P.1-870##20. Reissell E, Orko R, Maunuksela EL, Lindgren L. Predictability of difficult laryngoscopy in patients with long-term diabetes mellitus. Anaesthesia 1990; 45(12): 1024-1027.##21. Wilson ME, Spiegelhalter D, Robertson JA, Lesser P. Predicting difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 1988: 61(2): 211-216.##22. Mahfouzi A, yousefi A. The evalutaion of diagnostic value of sternomental distance as predictor of difficult laryngoscopy in Iranian population. Ofogh-E-Danesh 2005; 11(3): 10-15 (Persian).##23. Safavi S, Honarmand A, Sheikhani G. Comparing' Acromio-Axillo-Supra sternal notch index (AASI)" as a new screening test for predicting difficult laryngoscopy with for commonly used tests. J Isfahan Med Sch (IUMS) 2016; 34(375): 245-250 (Persian).##24. Falcetta S, Cavallo S, Gabbanelli V, Pelaia P, Sorbello M, Zdravkovic I, et al. Evaluation of two neck ultrasound measurements as predictors of difficult direct laryngoscopy: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiology(EJA) 2018; 35(8): 605-612.##25. Özdilek A, Beyoglu CA, Erbabacan ŞE, Ekici B, Altındaş F, Vehid S, et al. Correlation of Neck Circumference with Difficult Mask Ventilation and Difficult Laryngoscopy in Morbidly Obese Patients: an Observational Study. Obes Surg 2018; 28(9): 2860–2867.## #### ##

متاستاز قلبی ناشی از سرطان پستان: گزارش مورد Cardiac Metastasis of Breast Cancer: A Case Report 1 1 سرطان پستان از شایع‌ترین سرطان‌ها در خانم‌ها است، ولی متاستاز به قلب نادر می‌باشد. در این گزارش، خانمی 40 ساله معرفی می‌شود که با درد شدید پای راست به بیمارستان مراجعه کرده و با تشخیص DVT تحت درمان قرار گرفته وترخیص شد. وی یک ماه و نیم بعد با درد پا و تنگی نفس فعالیتی و درد قفسه سینه مراجعه کرد و با تشخیص آمبولی ریه و درمان ضد انعقادی بهبود یافت و مرخص شد. سپس حدود دو ماه بعد برای بار سوم با علایم تنگی نفس فعالیتی شدید و درد قفسه سینه و ادم پای راست بستری شد. درسونو داپلر، ترمبوز با نمای تحت حاد تا مزمن در ورید فمورال، پوپلیئتال، فمورال مشترک با گسترش ورید ایلیاک خارجی گزارش شده بود. با توجه به نتایج اکوکاردیوگرافی و سی‌تی آنژیوگرافی، با تشخیص یک توده در بطن راست، مشورت جراحی قلب انجام شد. در حین عمل پزشک با گسترش وسیع توده‌های متاستاز وسیع روی آئورت و فضای پریکارد و مدیاستن مواجه شد. نمونه برداری انجام و متاستاز ناشی از سرطان پستان توسط پاتولوژیست گزارش شد. سیر این بیمار اهمیت بررسی بیماران با ترومبوز وریدی عمقی (DVT) مکرر برای بدخیمی را مطرح می‌کند.   2 Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. As we know, cardiac metastases occur rarely. In this study, a 40-year-old woman referred to the hospital due to severe pain in the right leg. She was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and received treatment, but, after one month and a half she returned with severe pain, exacerbated shortness of breath, cramping pain, and chest pain. With the diagnosis of lung embolism, she received anticoagulant therapy and discharged after recovery. Then, about two months later, the patient was admitted for the third time, with symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain, and right foot edema. In Doppler echocardiography, acute to chronic thrombosis was reported in femoral popliteal vein and common femoral vein with external liliac expansion. Based on the computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Echocardiography, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism with a mass in the right ventricular, so, cardiothoracic surgery consultation was done. During the operation, extensive spread of metastasis was seen on mediastinum, the aorta, and pericardial space. A biopsy was performed and metastatic breast cancer was reported. This study signifies the importance of examining patients with recurrent DVT for malignancy.   112 116 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/92018/10/1 1397/7/9 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/202019/01/13 1397/10/23 کامبیز علیزاده Kambiz Alizadeh استادیار، گروه جراحی قلب، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، ایران ایران معصومه طبری Masoomeh Tabari دانشیار، گروه بیهوشی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، ایران ایران tabarim@mums.ac.ir عذرا ایزانلو Azra Izanloo کارشناس ارشد آموزش پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سرطان رضوی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا، مشهد، ایران ایران metastasis heart right ventricle aorta embolism breast cancer متاستاز قلب بطن راست آئورت آمبولی سرطان پستان 1. Pinho T, Rodrigues-Pereira P, Araújo V, Oliveira NP, Macedo F, Graça A, et al. Cardiac metastasis of melanoma as first manifestation of disease. Rev Port Cardiol 2009; 28(5): 633-639.##2. Reynen K, Köckeritz U, Strasser RH. Metastases to the heart. Ann Oncol 2004; 15(3): 375-381.##3. MacGee W. Metastatic and invasive tumours involving the heart in a geriatric population: A necropsy study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1991; 419:183-189.##4. Dasappa L, Saldanha C, Kuntegowdanahalli L, Jacob L, Babu G, Babu M, et al. An unusual presentation of cardiac metastasis in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Investig J 2016; 5(1): 89-91.##5. Aburto J, Bruckner BA, Blackmon SH, Beyer EA, Reardon MJ. Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic to the left ventricle. Tex Heart Inst J 2009; 36(1):48-49.##6. Kadappu KK, Rajaratnam R, Kachwalla H, Nguyen PD. Lung cancer mimicking left atrial mass. Postgrad Med J. 2008; 84(993): 386-387.##7. Tamura A, Matsubara O, Yoshimura N, Kasuga T, Akagawa S, Aoki N. Cardiac metastasis of lung cancer. A study of metastatic pathways and clinical manifestations. Cancer 1992; 70(2): 437-442.##8. Morais VD, Dalbem F, Borges K, Restelli V. Right ventricular tumor in a patient with melanoma. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008; 91: e29-32, e21-24.##9. Choi PW, Kim CN, Chang SH, Chang WI, Kim CY, Choi HM. Cardiac metastasis from colorectal cancer: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15(21): 2675-2678.##10. Butany J, Nair V, Naseemuddin A, Nair GM, Catton C, Yau T. Cardiac tumours: Diagnosis and management. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6(4): 219-228.##11. Alexandrescu C, Civaia F, Dor V. Tumor thrombus in right atrium from lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87(2): e11- e12.##12. Bernhardt P, Jones A, Kaufmann J, Hombach V, Spiess J. Cardiac metastasis of a gastric adenocarcinoma. Eur Heart J 2009; 30(13): 1655.## ## ##

انواع مواد نگهدارنده برای دندانهای خارج شده از ساکت: مروری بر مقالات Different Storage Medium for Avulsed Teeth: A Literature Review 1 1 سابقه و هدف: ایوالژن خارج شدن کامل دندان از ساکت آلوئلار می‌باشد. ریپلنت کردن بلافاصله آن، بهترین اقدام در محل حادثه است. درصورتی که این امکان وجود نداشته باشد، بهتراست دریک محلول نگهدارنده قرار بگیرد. ماده نگهدارنده سلول‌های پریودنتال لیگامنت را با حداقل آسیب نگه می‌دارد تا بتوانند رژنره شده و اتصال پیدا کنند و از تحلیل جلوگیری شود. موادی که به عنوان ماده نگهدارنده استفاده می‌شوند باید ویژگی‌هایی هم‌چون اسمولاریته مناسب، PH، مناسب، مغذی بودن، محتوی بدون باکتری داشتن، دردسترس بودن وقیمت مناسب داشته باشند. در مقالات HBSS (Hanks balanced salt solution )به عنوان نمونه استاندارد، محصولات طبیعی مثل آب، آلوئورا، پروپولیس، آب انار، آب نارگیل، عصاره چای سبز، سفیده تخم مرغ، شیر (شیر کم چرب، با چربی متوسط، پرچرب، شیرکره، شیرسویا، شیر پاستوریزه، شیرپروبیوتیک، شیر کامل، دوغاب، مخلوط شیر، سفیده تخم مرغ) و محلول‌های رهیدراسیون مثل سرم رینگر لاکتات، ماده کشت سلولی مثل محیط کشت ایگل و یا EMT، مواد پزشکی که برای نگهداری ارگان ها به کار می روند مثل viaspan ، مواد تجاری مثل GC Tooth mousses، بازسازی دندان با فاکتور رشد و یا تابش لیزر قبل از ریپلنت شدن و...نام برده شده اند. با توجه به محدودیت‌های مطالعات و یافته های ناهمگون، هنوز ماده نگهدارنده موثری برای دندان‌های ایوالز شده تعیین نشده است.   2 Avulsion is complete displacement of tooth from its alveolar socket. Immediate replantation is the best choice at the site of accident. When replantation is not possible, it should be kept in a storage medium. The storage media keeps periodontal cells with less damage to be able to regenerate and attach and prevents root resorption. The medium selected as a storage medium should be easily available and have adequate osmolality, appropriate PH, nutritional metabolites, and fair price and should not have bacterial content. In literature, different storage medium are suggested, including those containing Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), natural products such as water, Aloe Vera, propolis, pomegranate juice, coconut juice, green tea, egg white, milk (whole, low-fat and skimmed milk, butter milk, soy milk, probiotic milk, pasteurized milk, and mixture of egg white and milk), rehydration solutions such as ringer lactate serum, cell culture medium such as eagle culture medium or EMT (emergency medical treatment) tooth saver, medical media used for keeping organs such as viaspan, commercial media such as GC Tooth Mousse, growth factor treatment, and laser irradiation before tooth replantation. Due to studies limitations and heterogeneous data, nothing is recognized as an ideal medium.   117 129 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/92018/10/12018/07/27 1397/5/5 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/202019/01/132019/03/4 1397/12/13 آویده معبودی Avide Mabudi استادیار، گروه پریودانتیکس، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران نرجس هوشیاری Narjes Hoshyari استادیار، گروه اندودانتیکس، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران narjeshoshyari@rocketmail.com tooth avulsion tooth replantation storage media ایوالژن دندان ماده نگهدارنده ریپلنت کردن دندان 1. Saluja KS, Anegundi RT. Assessment of Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in Different Fat Content of Milk at Different Time Intervals. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016; 3: 1376-1379. ##2. Azami-Aghdash S, Ebadifard A, Pournaghi Azar F, Rezapour A, Moradi-Joo M, Moosavi A, et al. Prevalence, etiology, and types of dental trauma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29(4): 234. ##3. Cosme-Silva L, Moretti AB, Lima DC, Neto RT, Oliveira TM, Sakai VT. Knowledge of parents from public and private school students on emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth. J Public Health 2017; 25(2): 167-171. ##4. Iyer SS, Panigrahi A, Sharma S. Knowledge and awareness of first aid of avulsed tooth among physicians and nurses of hospital emergency department. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9(2): 94-98. ##5. Mustafa M. Awareness about Management of Tooth Avulsion among General Dental Practitioners: A Questionnaire Based Study. J Orthod Endod 2017; 3(1). ##6. Babaji P, Melkundi M, Devanna R, Suresh BS, Chaurasia VR, Gopinath PV. In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth. Europ J Dent 2017; 11(1): 71-75. ##7. Blomlöf L, Lindskog S, Andersson L, Hedström KG, Hammarström L. Storage of experimentally avulsed teeth in milk prior to replantation. J Dent Res 1983; 62(8): 912-916. ##8. Malhotra N. Current developments in interim transport (storage) media in dentistry: an update. Br Dent J 2011; 211(1): 29-33. ##9. Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage media for avulsed tooth. Saudi Endod J. 2015;5(2):107–113. ##10. CASP checklist for systematic reviews. http://www.casp-uk.net/wp-content/uploads/ 2011/11/CASP_Systematic_Review_Appraisal_Checklist_14oct10.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2018.##11. Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera gel as a storage medium in maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells-An in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 40(1): 49-52. ##12. Moazzami F, Asheghi B, Sahebi S. Effect of Four Different Media on Periodontal Ligament Cells Viability of Dry-Stored Dog Teeth. J Dent (Shiraz) 2017; 18(1): 24-29 (Persian).##13. Joseph B, Raj SJ. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Aloe vera linn an overview. Int J pharmaceut Sci Rev Res 2010; 4(2): 106-110. ##14. Badakhsh S, Eskandarian T, Esmaeilpour T. The use of aloe vera extract as a novel storage media for the avulsed tooth. Iran J Med Sci 2014: 39(4): 327-332 (Persian).##15. Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera Gel as a Storage Medium in Maintaining the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells-An in Vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 40(1): 49-52. ##16. Sholehvar F, Mehrabani D, Yaghmaei P, Vahdati A. The effect of Aloe vera gel on viability of dental pulp stem cells. Dent Traumatol 2016; 32(5): 390-396. ##17. Babaji P, Melkundi M, Devanna R, Suresh BS, Chaurasia VR, Gopinath PV. In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth. Eur J Dent 2017; 11(1): 71-75. ##18. Özan F, Polat ZA, Er K, Özan Ü, Değer O. Effect of propolis on survival of periodontal ligament cells: new storage media for avulsed teeth. J Endod 2007; 33(5): 570-573. ##19. Gomes B, Westphalen D, Westphalen FH, Xavier U, Fariniuk LF, Carneiro E, et al. Study of storage media for avulsed teeth. Braz J Dent Traumatol 2009; 1: 69-76. ##20. Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage media for avulsed tooth. Saudi Endod J 2015; 5: 107-113. ##21. Adnan S, Lone MM, Khan FR, Hussain SM, Nagi SE. Which is the most recommended medium for the storage and transport of avulsed teeth? A systematic review. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34(2): 59-70. ##22. Saluja KS, Anegundi RT. Assessment of Viability of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in Different Fat Content of Milk at Different Time Intervals. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research. 2016; 3: 1376-1379. ##23. Sigalas E, Regan JD, Kramer PR, Witherspoon DE, Opperman LA. Survival of human periodontal ligament cells in media proposed for transport of avulsed teeth. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20(1): 21-28. ##24. Kırzıoğlu Z, Erken Güngör Ö, Erdoğan Y. 16‐year follow‐up of an avulsed maxillary central incisor after replantation following 10‐h storage: An unusual case. Spec Care Dentist 2017; 37(4): 199-203. ##25. Saini D, Gadicherla P, Chandra P, Anandakrishna L. Coconut milk and probiotic milk as storage media to maintain periodontal ligament cell viability: an in vitro study. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33(3): 160-164. ##26. Souza BD, Bortoluzzi EA, Reyes‐Carmona J, Santos LG, Simões CM, Felippe WT, et al. Effect of temperature and seven storage media on human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability. 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Storage media for avulsed teeth: a literature review. Braz Dent J 2013; 24(5): 437-445. ##32. Udoye CI, Jafarzadeh H, Abbott PV. Transport media for avulsed teeth: a review. Aust Endod J 2012; 38(3): 129-136. ##33. D’Costa VF, Bangera MK, Kini S, Kutty SM, Ragher M. An In vitro comparison of coconut water, milk, and saline in maintaining periodontal ligament cell viability. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 9(Suppl 1): S107-S111. ##34. Bharath MJ, Sahadev CK, Ramachandra PK, Rudranaik S, George J, Thomas A. Comparative evaluation of four transport media for maintaining cell viability in transportation of an avulsed tooth–An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5(1): 69-73. ##35. Gopikrishna V, Baweja PS, Venkateshbabu N, Thomas T, Kandaswamy D. Retracted: Comparison of Coconut Water, Propolis, HBSS, and Milk on PDL Cell Survival. J Endod 2008; 34(5): 587-589. ##36. Moreira‐Neto JJ, Gondim JO, Raddi MS, Pansani CA. Viability of human fibroblasts in coconut water as a storage medium. Int Endod J 2009; 42(9): 827-830. ##37. Souza BD, Luckemeyer DD, Felippe WT, Simões CM, Felippe MC. Effect of temperature and storage media on human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26(3): 271-275. ##38. Malhotra N. Current developments in interim transport (storage) media in dentistry: an update. Br Dent J 2011; 211(1): 29-33. ##39. de Sousa HA, de Alencar HG, Bruno KF, Batista AC, Carvalho AC. Microscopic evaluation of the effect of different storage media on the periodontal ligament of surgically extracted human teeth. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24(6): 628-632. ##40. Weine FS. Endodontic emergency treatment. In: Weine FS, editor. Endodontic Therapy.6th ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2004. p. 72-103. ##41. Martin MP, Pileggi R. A quantitative analysis of propolis: a promising new storage media following avulsion. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20(2): 85-89. ##42. Moreira-Neto JJ, Gondim JO, Raddi MS, Pansani CA. Viability of human fibroblasts in coconut water as storage medium. Int Endod J 2009; 42(9): 827-830. ##43. Patil S, DUMSHA TC, Sydiskis RJ. Determining periodontal ligament (PDL) cell vitality from exarticulated teeth stored in saline or milk using fluorescein diacetate. Int Endod J 1994; 27(1): 1-5. ##44. Shin BC, Ryu HH, Chung JH, Lee BR, Kim HL. The protective effects of green tea extract against L-arginne toxicity to cultured human mesangial cells. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24(Suppl): S204-S209. ##45. Hwang JY, Choi SC, Park JH, Kang SW. The use of green tea extract as a storage medium for the avulsed tooth. J Endod 2011; 37(7): 962-796. ##46. Patil S, DUMSHA TC, Sydiskis RJ. Determining periodontal ligament (PDL) cell vitality from exarticulated teeth stored in saline or milk using fluorescein diacetate. Int Endod J 1994; 27(1): 1-5. ##47. Hasan MR, Takebe H, Shalehin N, Obara N, Saito T, Irie K. 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مروری بر تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه تغییرات ساختاری مغز در اثر اختلال طیف اوتیسم برپایه تحلیل حجمی تصاویر تشدید مغناطیسی Brain Structural Changes Caused by Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Volumetric Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Images: A Review Study 1 1 سابقه و هدف: بیماری اوتیسم یک اختلال روانی است که در سال‌های اولیه زندگی رخ داده و باعث بروز مشکلات فردی و اجتماعی مختلف می‌شود. با تشخیص زودهنگام اوتیسم در سال‌های اولیه زندگی می‌توان از بسیاری از عوارض این بیماری جلوگیری نمود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق، مهم‌ترین مقاله‌ها در زمینه تغییرات ساختاری مغز در طیف اوتیسم براساس روش‌های حجم‌سنجی مغز درتصاویر تشدید مغناطیسی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. به عبارت دقیق‌تر،37 مقاله درباره روش‌های حجم‌سنجی مغز، 34 مقاله درباره تغییرات ساختاری و 9 مقاله درباره تغییرات عملکردی مغز در اثر اوتیسم، و 15 مقاله با موضوع عوامل موثر بر اوتیسم و روش‌های تشخیص و درمان آن مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. یافته‌ها: مطالعات بیان‌گر افزایش حجم کلی مغز کودکان اوتیسمی در محدوده 58/1 تا 10 درصد بوده است. محققان افزایش حجم ماده خاکستری را در اثر اوتیسم در نواحی شکنج گیجگاهی قدامی چپ، شکنج حلقوی خلفی چپ، شیار مهمیزی راست، شکنج زبانی چپ و راست، پرکنئوس چپ و تالاموس راست گزارش نموده‌اند؛ اما تغییر حجم قابل ملاحظه‌ای در ماده سفید مشاهده نشد. همچنین، فعالیت مغزی مبتلایان به اوتیسم در شکنج دوکی و ناحیه بروکا کمتر از افراد سالم بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی‌های ساختاری مغز در تصاویر تشدید مغناطیسی برای تشخیص زودهنگام اوتیسم در کودکان زیر سه سال بسیار امیدبخش می‌باشد. با وجود این، برای توصیف تغییرات ساختاری مغز در بیماران اوتیسمی، توجه به فرضیه سن (مبنی بر افزایش حجم مغز در سنین کودکی و کاهش حجم آن در بزرگسالی)، جنسیت و ضریب هوشی ضروری است.   2 Background and purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a psychiatric disorder which occurs in early years of life and causes various individual and social problems. Early detection of autism would help in taking necessary precautions and preventing its adverse side effects. Methods & Materials: In this paper, we reviewed the articles that have investigated brain structural changes caused by ASD based on brain volumetric analysis in magnetic resonance images. We studied 37 papers about brain volume measurement, 34 articles concerning brain structural changes in autistic patients, 9 about brain functional changes, and 15 on major causes, diagnosis, and treatment of autism. Results: According to literature, autism leads to whole brain enlargement (1.58%-10%). ASD was reported to cause increase in the volume of left anterior temporal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right calcarine sulcus, left and right lingual gyrus, left precuneus, and right thalamus. But, no considerable volume changes were detected in the white matter. Also, autistic patients were found to have lower activity in the fusiform gyrus and broca region compared to normal subjects. Conclusion: Brain structural analysis using magnetic resonance imaging provides promising evidences for early detection of autism in children younger than three years of age. However, to evaluate brain structural changes in autistic patients, considering the theory of age-specific anatomic abnormalities (brain enlargement in childhood and brain volume decrease in adulthood), gender, and intelligence quotient are necessary.   130 144 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/92018/10/12018/07/272017/10/11 1396/7/19 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/202019/01/132019/03/42018/10/21 1397/7/29 شیوا صنعتی Shiva Sanati دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی کامپیوتر، مرکز پژوهشی مخابرات و کامپیوتر، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران مهدی سعادتمند Mahdi Saadatmand دانشیار، گروه مهندسی برق (مهندسی پزشکی-بیوالکتریک)، آزمایشگاه تصویربرداری پزشکی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران saadatmand@um.ac.ir سیروس نکویی Sirous Nekooei دانشیار، گروه رادیولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران autism spectrum disorder magnetic resonance imaging brain volume measurement early diagnosis اختلال طیف اوتیسم تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی حجم‌سنجی مغز تشخیص زودهنگام 1. 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معرفی مفردات دارویی موثر در سنگ کلیه در طب سنتی ایران Materia Introduction of Effective Medicines on Kidney Stones in Persian Medicine 1 1 سنگ کلیه و مجاری ادراری از جمله بیماری‌های بسیار دردناک و زجر آور سیستم ادراری می‌باشد که روی کیفیت زندگی تاثیر می‌گذارد. در حال حاضر روش‌های درمانی مختلفی از جمله داروها، سنگ شکن و جراحی برای درمان به کار می‌رود که در برخی موارد تاثیر آن‌ها چندان زیاد نبوده و یا همراه با عوارض می‌باشد. این امر لزوم به کارگیری درمان‌های کار آمدتر و کم هزینه تر را ضروری می‌کند. در طب ایرانی به این بیماری توجه گسترده‌ای شده است. در این مطالعه مفردات دارویی موثر در شکستن سنگ‌های کلیه و مجاری ادراری در متون و منابع طب ایرانی در دوره‌های مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در نهایت گیاهانی که در منابع مختلف بیش‌تر تکرار شده‌ا ند و یا روی آن‌ها کار بالینی انجام شده، ارائه شده اند.   2 Kidney and urinary tract stones are the most painful diseases of the urinary system that affect the quality of life. At present, various treatments such as medications, crushing and surgical treatments are used which are not effective in some cases or have some complications. Therefore, more efficient and less costly treatments are preferred. In Persian Medicine, the disease is widely investigated. In this study, effective medications on the break down of kidney and urinary tract stones are reviewed in Persian literature and sources at different time periods. Also, plants which are more recommended or used in clinical studies are presented.     145 157 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/92018/10/12018/07/272017/10/112018/01/23 1396/11/3 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/202019/01/132019/03/42018/10/212018/10/6 1397/7/14 محمد آزاد منجیری Mahammad Azad Manjiri دانشجوی دکترای طب ایرانی، دانشکده طب ایرانی و مکمل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران manjirim1@mums.ac.ir مهدی اسلامی Mahdi Eslami دانشجوی دکترای طب ایرانی، دانشکده طب ایرانی و مکمل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران محمد رضا نورس Mohammadreza Noras استادیار؛ گروه طب ایرانی، دانشکده طب ایرانی و مکمل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران kidney stone herbal materia crusher خرد کننده سنگ کلیه داروهای گیاهی 1. Smith DR, Tanagho EA, McAninch JW. Smith's General Urology. 17th ed. Translation by Nowruzi MR, Dadkhah K, Zayghami S. Tehran: Teymurzadeh; 2008. p 24. (Persian).##2. Shamsa Ali. Urinary Tract. Mashhad: Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2003. p. 433. (Persian).##3. Johns Hopkins University. Lithotripsy. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine. org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/lithotripsy_92,P07720. Accessed June 11, 2018. ##4. McAteer JA, Evan A P. The Acute and Long-Term Adverse Effects of Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28(2): 200–213.##5. Alrawi S, Khidir A, Elnshar M, Fetters MD. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine. 2017; 17(1): 157.##6. Heravi Abu Mansoor Movafgh. Al-Abniyah Haqa'yegh Al Adwiyeh. Research and development by Ahmad Behnamar, Tehran University Press; 1966, pp. 332-337 (Persian).##7. Avecinna. Al-Qanun Fi Teb. Shamsuddin Ebrahim, Beirut Research Institute of Literature, 2005. p.136.##8. Antaki D b U. Tazkera Dawood Antaqi. ##2nd ed. Lebanon: Beirut, Al-'Almati pub; 2005, p. 103.##9. Tonekaboni SM. The gift of the believer. Research and Correction Mohammad Reza Shams Ardakani, Raja Rahimi and Fatemeh Farjadmand. Tehran: Shar Pub; 2007. pp. 421-430 (Persian).##10. Aghili Khorasani SMH. Makhzan-Al, Advieh. Tehran: Bavarian dated; 2001, P. 126-819.##11. Emami A, Fasihi S, Mehregan I. Books of Medicinal Plants (PDR for herbal medicin). Vol 1, 2nd ed, Tehran: Institute for the Study of Medical History, Islamic Medicine and Complementary Medical Sciences of Iran University of Medical Sciences (2013). P. 1735-1781 (Persian)##12. Qurashi, Alaeddin Ibn Abi al-Hazm. Almojez fi Teb. Research by Abdolkarim Ezbawi. Translation by: Emami A, Behjat J. Tehran: Ajegh, (2011). (Persian)##13. Ghahreman A, Okhovvat AR. Matching the Old Medicinal Plant Names With Scinentific Terminology.Vol 1, Tehran: University of Tehran. 2005. p 112 (Persian).##14. Armenag k, Bedevian Dip HA. Botanical and plant breeding sectionministry of agriculture egypt. Atlas of Botany, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo. Illustrated polyglottic dictionary of plant names. 2006.##15. Mir Heydar H. Maaref Gyahi. vol 5. Tehran: 2009, P. 145-155.##16. Ali ebn sahle Tabari. Firdawss Alhekmah. The first Encyclopaedia of Medicine 5.##17. Khajavi Rad A, Hadjzadeh MA, Rajaei Z, Mohammadian N, Valiollahi S, Sonei M. The beneficial effect of cynodon dactylon fractions on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats. Urol J 2011; 8(3):17984-17984.##18. Atmani F, Sadki C, Aziz M, MimouniM, Hacht B. Cynodon dactylon extract as a preventive and curative agent in experimentally induced nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 2009; 37(2): 75-82.##19. Ghelani H, Chapala M, Jadav P. Diuretic and antiurolithiatic activities of an ethanolic extract of Acoruscalamus-L. Rhizome in experimental animal models. J Tradit Complement Med 2016.##20. Sabar AJ. Lithotripsy of Different Urinary Tract Stones by Using Seeds of CarumcopticumIraqi. J Pharm Sci 2010; 19(2): 38-41.##21. Al-Snafi AE. The medical Importance of Cicerarietinum-Areview. IOSR J Pharmacy 2016; 6(3): 29-40.##22. Aggarwal A, Tandon S, Singla SK, Tandon C. TandonI.Diminution of oxalate induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury and inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro by aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris. Int braz J Urol 2010; 36(4): 480-488.##23. Khalili M, Jalali MR, Azandaryani MR. Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Hypericum Perforatum L. Leaves on Ethyl-ene Glycol Induced Kidney Calculi in Rats. Urol J 2011; 9(2): 472-479.##24. Saha S, Verma J. Antinephrolithiatic and antioxidative efficacy of Dolichos biflorus seeds in a lithiasic rat model. Pharm Biol 2015; 53(1):16-30.##25. Singh RG, Behura SK, Kumar R. Litholytic property of Kulattha (Dolichous biflorus) vs potassium citrate in renal calculus disease: a comparative study. J Assoc Physicians India 2010; 58: 286-289.##26. Peshin A, Singla SK. Anticalcifying properties of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram) seeds. Indian J Exp Biol 1994; 32(12): 889-891.##27. Garimella TS, Jolly CI, Narayanan S. In vitro studies on antilithiatic activity of seeds of Dolichos biflorus Linn and rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata Wall. Phytother Res 2001; 15(4): 351-355.##28. Manjula K, RajendranK, Eevera T, Kumaran S. Effect of Costus igneus stem extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in albino rats. Urol Res 2012; 40(5): 499-510.##29. Laroubi A, Touhami M, Farouk L, Zrara I, Aboufatima R, Benharref A, et al. Prophylaxis effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats. Phytother Res 2007; 21(10): 921-955.##30. Ahsan SK, Tariq M, Ageel AM, Al-Yahya MA, Shah AH. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ammi majus on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1989; 26(3): 249-254.##31. Hadjzadeh MR, Khoei A, Hadjzadeh Z, Parizady M. Ethanolic Extract of Nigella Sativa L Seeds on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Kidney Calculi in Rats. Urol J 2007; 4: 86-90.##32. Hayatdavoudi P, Khajavi Rad A, Rajaei Z, Hadjzadeh MA. Renal injury, nephrolithiasis and Nigella sativa: A mini review. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6(1): 1-8.##33. Benhelima A, Kaid-Omar Z, Hemida H, Benmahdi T, Addou A. Nephroprotective and diuretic effect of nigella sativa l seeds oil on lithiasic wistar rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016; 13(6): 204-214.##34. Grases F, Prieto RM, Fernandez-Cabot RA, Costa-Bauzá A, Tur F, Torres JJ. Effects of polyphenols from grape seeds on renal lithiasis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015: 813737.## #### ##

اصلاحیه : رابطه آلودگی هوا بر مرگ و میر ناشی از ابتلا به بیماری های مزمن ریوی و انسداد ریه (COPD) در شهر مشهد Correction to: Relationship between Air Pollution and Mortality Rate due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Mashhad, Iran 1 1 اصلاحیه : رابطه آلودگی هوا بر مرگ و میر ناشی از ابتلا به بیماری های مزمن ریوی و انسداد ریه (COPD) در شهر مشهد   نرگس قربانی1      جمشید یزدانی چراتی2      سیاوش اعتمادی نژاد3        نسرین قربانی4   مولف مسئول: جمشید یزدانی چراتی- ساری: کیلومتر 17 جاده خزرآباد، مجتمع دانشگاهی پیامبر اعظم، دانشکده بهداشت E-mail: jamshid.charati@gmail.com 1. دانشجوی دکترای تخصیی آمار زیستی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران 2. دانشیار، گروه آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران 3. دانشیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ارگونومی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران 4. تکنسین مدارک پزشکی، بیمارستان امید، مشهد، ایران        در مقاله فوق که در شماره 169 بهمن 1397 در دوره 28 این نشریه منتشر شده بود، مرتبه علمی سرکار خانم نرگس قربانی اشتباه چاپ شده بود، اصلاح گردید.     2 Correction to: Relationship between Air Pollution and Mortality Rate due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Mashhad, Iran     Narges Ghorbani1, Jamshid Yazdani-Charati2,  Siavash Etemadinejad3, Nasrin Ghorbani4   1 PhD Student in Biostatistics, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Health Sciences Research Center , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4 Medical Records Technician, Omid Hospital, Mashhad, Iran          In the article published in volume 28, issue 169, 2018, the affiliation for the corresponding author was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.   158 159 2018/03/262018/08/182018/07/202018/06/182018/10/112018/02/52018/07/312018/07/142018/08/192018/06/112018/09/92018/10/12018/07/272017/10/112018/01/232019/04/7 1398/1/18 2018/11/202019/01/12018/10/242018/10/62019/02/192019/03/22018/11/122018/11/172018/10/202019/01/132019/03/42018/10/212018/10/62019/04/7 1398/1/18 نرگس قربانی Narges Ghorbani دانشجوی دکترای تخصیی آمار زیستی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران ایران جمشید یزدانی چراتی Jamshid Yazdani-Charati دانشیار، گروه آمار زیستی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران jamshid.charati@gmail.com سیاوش اعتمادی نژاد Siavash Etemadinejad دانشیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ارگونومی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران ایران نسرین قربانی Nasrin Ghorbani تکنسین مدارک پزشکی، بیمارستان امید، مشهد، ایران ایران erratum اصلاحیه اصلاحیه اصلاحیه -## ##