Background and purpose: Febrile seizure is a seizureassociated with fever without any evidence of intracranial infection or electrolytic disorder.The age of affected child is more than one month and without any previous seizure or fever. The peak incidence is at 18 months. Treatment is consisting of managing the seizure by anticonvulsant medicines that are administered for preventing of recurrence. In this research, diazepam and clobazam were evaluated for prevention of febrile seizure recurrence in patients admitted in Taleghani hospital. Material and Methods: 150 patients with simple febrile seizure in age range of 6 months to 6 years of old were in two medicinal groups randomly involving diazepam and clobazam after control of seizure. Each group include of 75 patients. Diazepam was taken with dosage of 0.33 mg/kg/8h and about clobazam the dosage was 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg basis on body weight. The results involving fever episodes in each 3 months, side effects of medicines and recurrence were recorded in a check list and finally were analyzed. Results: 32 patients were removed of study because of having the exclusion criteria and finally 118 patients, 61 cases in diazepam group and 57 cases in clobazam group, were studied. There were 62 males and 56 females in this population. The mean age was 21.05±10.10 months and 21.96±10.74 months in diazepam and clobazam groups, respectively and was 21.49±10.39 in total of population.Recurrence was evaluated relation to medicinal effect, age, sex and family history and personal history of febrile seizure and distance between fever and seizure. Also medicinal side effects involving ataxia, drowsiness and other side effects (vommiting, anorexia and irritability) and their relation to age and sex were evaluated. According to statistic tests, there was not any significant differences between two groups in considered parameters (P>0.05), but there were some differences in some cases clinically. Just drowsiness showed a significant difference between two groups (P= 0.000). Conclusion: Generally, Treatment by clobazam has been caused recurrent and complications less than diazepam, although it has required a larger sample size for confirming these results.

Keywords: Fever and Seizure, Diazepam, Recurrence, Clobazam

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