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Background and purpose: Cyanide is a species of high toxicity that is found mostly in industrial effluents such as electroplating, metal mining, metallurgy and metal cleaning processes. Entrance of it to existing environment contains a hazardous to health. The purpose of this study was to compare efficiency of both sonochemical and sonochemical / hydrogen peroxide processes for cyanide removal from aqueous solutions.
Materials and methods: This study has been used from a productive set of 500w power ultrasound waves in of two frequencies 35 kHz and 130 kHz. Experiments were performed with different initial ratio 1/1, 1/3 and 1/5 and at initial cyanide concentrations varying from 2.5 to 75 mg/L. in this study, Effects of parameters such as pH time, initial cyanide concentration, hydrogen peroxide/ cyanide and frequency on removal efficiency of mention processes have been studied.
Results: The results of the study showed that the maximum removal efficiency of cyanide had been achieved to 74% by sonochemical process at frequency of 130 kHz, at time of 90 min, at pH of 11, at initial cyanide concentration of 2.5 mg/l and with initial ratio of 1/5. However in similar condition, removal efficiency of cyanide had been achieved to 85% by sonochemical/ hydrogen peroxide process.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that rates of cyanide degradation under different conditions had always been quite low, and also the rate of cyanide degradation was first high but it was later substantially reduced. Results of the study showed that efficiency of sonochemical/hydrogen peroxide process is more than of sonochemical process for cyanide removal from aqueous solutions. Also removal efficiency of cyanide has direct relationship with pH, frequency, hydrogen peroxide and time however, it has reverse relationship with cyanide concentration for process.

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Probiotics are alive microorganisms which have useful effects on health of host by balancing its intestinal micro flora. Nowadays, probiotics are known as a factor for prevention of infectious diseases and cancer. Anti cancer properties of probiotics exert with the detoxification of materials that cause genetic damages. The present study aimed to systematically review on studies in checking positive effects of probiotics on health and their association with cancer. Related articles were searched in English at ACM, IEEE, Springer, Science Direct, Google Scholar, clinical trials and systematic review literatures that have assessed effects of probiotics at prevention and treatment of cancer, enrolled in this study. There was a wide variation among studies in imaging parameters, type of used probiotics, host type and test conditions. The results implied that probiotic bacteria and yeasts can eliminate toxicity of carcinogens and induce cancer cell death in vitro. In addition, consumption of probiotics caused reduced cancer risk, stimulation of immune system and struggle to carcinogens. Despite acceptable evidence about their anti-cancer properties, studies in humans are still limited. Therefore, there is a need to plan for detailed clinical studies on human in such a way obtained information can be used to treat.

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Background and purpose: Atrazine causes some biological effects including atresia in ovarian folicules. Essense and aqueous extract of Achillea milifolium and vitamin E are important due to prevention of atresia. Therefore, the effects of these substances were evaluated in ovarian tissue.

Materials and Methods: 42 adult female rats were used. 1^st and 2^nd groups were received atrazine at rates 300 mg/kg/day and 150 mg/mg/day respectively. 3^rd and 4^th groups were received atrazine at rates 300 mg/kg/day and 150 mg/mg/day respectively along with 150 mg/kg/day water extract of A. milifolium. 5^th and 6^th groups were received atrazine at rates 300 mg/kg/day and 150 mg/mg/day respectively along with 100 mg/kg/day essence of A. milifolium. 7^th and 8^th groups were received atrazine at rates 300 mg/kg/day and 150 mg/mg/day respectively and on first day 150 mg/kg a single dose of vitamin E. Microscopic sections were prepared from ovaries. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results: Histomorphometric studies revealed that, the severity of changes in untreated groups with essence and aqueous extract of A. milifolium were more than those groups had been treated with these substances. The results showed highly significant differences (p< 0.001) between treated and untreated groups. The most follicular rescue was in groups treated with aqueous extract of A. milifolium.

Conclusion: The essence and aqueous extracts of the A. milifolium and vitamin E is effective in reduction of adverse changes of ovarian follicles following atrazine exposure. 

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Background and purpose: According to the world health organization (WHO), cataract is the most general cause of returnable blindness, accounting for 47.8% of total blindness in the world. Compared to Greek medicine, a major progress of Islamic medicine was in ophthalmology. Rhazes wrote, the first complete and comprehensive description about cataract and the first Persian book on eye diseases and treatments was written by Abu RuhJourjani.

Materials and methods: A nonsystematic review study was done using library research and a review of the literature by a focus on Iranian Traditional Medicine books. Current research was performed in six phases (choosing the keywords, searching the sources, providing a single list, classifying, and comparing). Then, cataract was searched in Canon of Medicine written by Avicenna and the Nur-al- uyun written by Jourjani.

Results: Definition, etiology and treatment strategies were classified into three 3 main categories: nutrition, life style, and medications and surgery. The major difference between modern medicine books and these books was preventive measures for cataract that were suggested by the two scientists.

Conclusion: Both physicians believed that changes in life style and avoiding certain foods can prevent this disease. According to Avicenna and Jourjani if the disease is detected at early stages, the progress could be hindered by appropriate treatments. But surgical treatment is needed if the cataract is stiff.

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Background and purpose: In the past, olibanum was used as an incense and perfume and a remedy for treating various diseases. Now, it is confirmed that olibanum improves memory and has a role in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer disease. CaMKIIα gene is known as molecular memory because of its role in cellular processes associated with memory. The aim of this research was to study the effect of ethanolic extract of olibanum on the expression of CaMKIIα in B65 and PC12 cells.
Materials and methods: To determine the effect of olibanum on cell viability, MTT assay was done and cells were treated with the extract in different concentrations and times. To study the gene expression, the cells were treated by two concentrations of the extract at four time points. Then, RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and the expression of CaMKIIα was quantified by qPCR.
Results: The qPCR data revealed that olibanum alternately changed the expression of CaMKIIα in a reducing and increasing pattern over time in B65 cells. However, the extract could not induce the expression of this gene in PC12 cells.
Conclusion: According to the role of CaMKIIα as molecular memory and the positive effect of olibanum in memory improvement, current results could be helpful in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which olibanum affects memory performance.
 

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 Background and purpose: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are lung lesions that affect most of the periphery of the lower lobes, and are manifested by dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hemothorax. Pregnancy is one of the conditions in which these malformations appear due to hemodynamic changes and hormonal factors such as increased levels of estrogen. This paper presents the case of a pregnant woman at 28 weeks of gestation who received first-aid treatment for symptoms of respiratory distress and hemothorax. Then, she was transferred to the operating room and thoracotomy was performed and the vascular lesion was resected. After that, the patient had stable hemodynamic conditions and was transferred to the ward. Our patient was eligible for thoracotomy due to pulmonary manifestations of the disease. In dealing with these situations, immediate counseling and collaboration of gynecologists with thoracic surgeons can save the lives of mother and her fetus.