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Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent health problems in the world and Iran. This study aimed at determining the survival rate of patients with CRC and the factors influencing it in Iranian patients. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in patients attending 10 state and private hospitals in Tehran during 2006-2011. In this study 1127 patients (totally 2570 individuals-year) were followed up every six months and the follow-up duration was from the definite time of CRC diagnosis until death (or censoring). Only 2% of the patients were censored. Data was analyzed using stata software, bivariate and multivariate analyses, and also Cox regression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.5 ± 14 years old at the time of diagnosis. Most of the patients were older than 45 years of age (69.7%). The age at diagnosis was significantly different between men and women (P<0.03). The patients were 61.2% male and the rest were female. The rates of mortality in male and female were 96.9 and 83 in 100,000. After the diagnosis has been made 75%, 50%, and 25% had a survival rate of less than 2.72 years, 5.84 years, and longer than 13 years, respectively. In Cox model some variables including ethnicity, marital status, cancer grade, family history of caner, and smoking were the main determinants of survival. Conclusion: The mean survival time was 5.8 years after diagnosis has been made which shows more improvements compared to previous studies. This study provides some information on CRC survival rate so that action plans could be designed to prevent and control this disease.

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Background and purpose: Road traffic injury (RTI) is one of the major health problems that can ‎threat human health. This study was done aimed to determine mortality and years of lost life (YLL) due to RTI ‎in Kermanshah, Iran.‎ Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was used the Death Registration and Forensics ‎Medicine census data. YLL was calculated according to Global burden of disease (GBD) 2010 guideline and ‎age and sex composition of the population was taken from Statistical Center for 2010. All data collected ‎entered into Excel software and performed calculations.‎ Results: The mean age of 974 subjects studied was 39.05 ± 20.7. 81.1% of dead peoplewere males. The ‎most frequent cause of death was related to accident with cars (40.8%). The mortality rate of RTI in ‎Kermanshah province was 51.3 per 100,000 populations and by sex were 82.4 in males and 19.5 cases per ‎‎100,000 in females. The years of life lost due to premature mortality obtained 38,345 (40 per 1,000) in males, ‎‎8267 in females (8.7 per 1000) and 46,613 (24.5 per 1,000) in both sexes. The highest YLL rate in both sexes ‎was in the age group 30-34 (30.3 per 1,000).‎ Conclusion: According to the high mortality rate and YLL due to RTI in Kermanshah province, it ‎seems to be necessary appropriate intervention programs done to prevent and minimize road accidents.‎

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Background and purpose: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the most important indices and a human development index (HDI). This study was designed to estimate the IMR, under-five mortality rate (U5MR), life expectancy (LE) at birth in Iran and 31 provinces and to compare the results in five-year intervals using 2006 and 2011 census data. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study we used Cole-Demeny West (CD West) model using indirect method to estimate the childhood mortality rates, life expectancy at birth, number of children ever born (CEB) and children surviving (CS) rat. The analyses were performed in QFive program of MORTPAK 4.3 software. Results: IMR, U5MR, mortality rate in children aged 1- 4 and LE at birth for 2006 census were estimated to be 47.3, 14.5, 61.2 per 1000 live births and 64.4 years, respectively. Whereas, for 2011 census, they were calculated 21.9, 4.1, 25.9 per 1000 live births and 72.1 years, respectively. The maximum IMR and U5MR for 2011 were calculated in Sistan and Baloochestan (31.8, 38.8), Southern Khorasan (30.9, 37.7) and Semnan (29.9, 36.3) per 1000 live births. The minimum IMR and U5MR for 2011 were observed in Qom (13.5, 15.6), Mazandaran (13.8, 16) and Tehran (15.8, 18.4) per 1000 live births. Conclusion: The results indicate childhood mortality rates have declined dramatically during the five-year interval. In addition, ranking the provinces in terms of childhood mortality rates and LE can be used in detecting provinces poor in reproductive and child health and finally pave the way for adapting long- term health strategies.

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Background and purpose: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in the world. The most important factor in controlling the disease is self-care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of some variables on self-care behaviors such as duration of disease, central obesity and diabetes knowledge. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study 500 diabetic patients were selected in 2014 using stratified random sampling. The subjects were chosen from 752 patients registered as diabetic in Abyek health centers. Data was collected through questionnaires about demographic information, self-care and diabetes knowledge. χ2, independent T test and ANOVA were used to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics and self-care. Also, the multiple-linear-regression was used to predict the affecting factors on self-care. Results: A total of 464 patients participated in the study resulting in the response rate of 92.8%. The mean for self-care behavior score in patients with diabetes was 3.77±1.15. There was a significant association between self-care and different parameters including duration of diabetes (P= 0.013), type of treatment (P= 0.035), and central obesity (P= 0.046). The strongest predictors of self-care behavior were duration of disease (B= 0.170) and diabetes knowledge (B=-0.123). Conclusion: Despite the role of demographic factors that influence self-care behaviors, knowledge is also of great importance. Therefore, health workers and doctors should focus more on promoting diabetes knowledge.