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Background and purpose: Ïn some Çountries clinical tuberculosis is one of the first and most common manifested diseases in HÏV patients. The risk of clinical tuberculosis in HÏV patients with PPD positive is about 50% in their life period compared with 5% to 10% of HÏV negative patients. Ït is less probable to observe tubercle bacilli (TB) in sputum of TB patients with confirmed HÏV, than the other TB patients. Hence diagnosis of tuberculosis is more difficult in such patients. Ôn the other hand, because of the same clinical presentation observed in HÏV and TB, these patients would be treated as smear negative pulmonary TB and the result is over diagnosis and over treatment. The aim of this research is to study the clinical tuberculosis in HÏV patients, because by proper diagnosis, effective treatment of TB and prophylaxis in TB patients the rate of mortality in the risk group would decline.
Materials and methods: The data for this study was collected from the TB patients whose HÏV Âb before infection with TB was confirmed by Ëliza Ï, ÏÏ and western blot test. Ïndication for the presence of TB was observation of tubercle bacilli in sputum,chest X-ray or other complementary actions by consultant medical practitioners.
Results: Total number of 638 (8 women and 630 men) HÏV positive patients in age group of 35-39 years were identified. 73 (11.4%) pateints were identified as TB positive. Âll of them were men with mean age of 34 years and 67 (91.8%) cases with pulmonary TB, of which 59 (80.9%) cases with smear positive, 8 (10.9%) with smear negative, and 6(8.2%) with extra pulmonary. 61 patients were recently diagnosed for TB and the other cases with the history of recurrent TB (presence of TB prior to HÏV infection). Ïn 11(15.1%) of the cases, there was failure of treatment, out of which 8(10.9%) cases were expired and three cases were smear positive after completion of treatment. Four (5%) patients did not complete the treatment. Çonsidering the results, P<0.5 was significant.
Çonclusion: This study indicates the importance of noticing TB in HÏV positive patients and the prevention through prophylaxis and diagnosis of all kinds of smear negative and extra pulmonary cases. Further studies are recommended on the effect of different current methods of TB treatment and on the routine duration of treatment of HÏV positive patients in different phases of the disease.

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Background and purpose: Median epidural block is often done with some difficulty due to pain, ossification of interspinous ligament and improper positioning of patient. Ïn addition, back pain is common with median approach, that may be due to puncture of ligaments on the line of epidural needle passage. Ïn paramedian approach needle dose not pass through ligaments, so back pain can be theoretically less.
Materials and methods: Ïn a single blind clinical trial, pain at needle insertion point, back pain and satisfaction of patient from epidural technique at the time of operation and in ward, in addition, pain score at three phases in median (20 patients) and paramedian (20 patients) groups were studied. Ëpidural block was done at sitting position and hanging drop maneuver was used for all the patients. Severity of pain with the help of pain score and comparison of pain with the pain arised due to insertion of angiocath insertion on the back of hand were evaluated (p<0.05).
Results : Ïn this study, it was found that pain at the point of insertion (compared to the pain by angiocath at the back of hand) in paramedian group was less (12 cases of less pain in paramedian group versus 12 cases of severe pain in median group). Ïn paramedian group less back pain was noticed. Âlso statisfaction of patients with epidural approach was more in paramedian group (50% in paramedian group versus 20% in median group). Ïn all of the three cases, there were significant differences between median and paramedian groups.
Çonclusion: Referring to the results of this study, it is concluded that comparing to the median paramedian approach is followed with more satisfaction, with less pain approach and is easier too particularly when due to pain or ossification of ligaments proper positioning of the patient for median approach in not possible.

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Background and purpose: The goal of asthma therapy is to achieve clinical control and near normal lung functions. Many patients with moderate persistent asthma fail to achieve this goal with a low dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ÏÇS) plus long-acting β2 agonist (LÂBÂ). Ïn the present study, we have checked whether another controller medication (in the form of ginger capsule) add on to ÏÇSlow dose + LÂBÂ helps in achieving the asthma goal or not.
Materials and methods: Thirty two adult asthmatics (17 male and 15 female) completed a 10 week trial consisting of a 1 week single blind run in period, during which placebo (250 mg capsule of lactose 3 times a day) was added to usual treatment (inhaled beclomethasone diproprionate 200 µg/twice daily plus salmeterol 50 µg/twice daily), a 4 week double blind active treatment period in which subjects received ginger (250 mg capsule of powdered ginger 3 times a day) or placebo capsule, a single blind 1 week washout period receiving placebo and a final 4 week double blind cross-over active treatment period. The primary efficacy variable was the forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FËV1) secondary efficacy variables were the peak expiratory flow (PËF) and the asthma control test (ÂÇT) scores. These variables were measured at the completion of each phase, i.e. the end of weeks 1, 5, 6 and 10. Statistical comparisons of all variables were made by two-way analysis of variance (ÂNÔVÂ) with patient, period, and treatment as fixed factors. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Âll the patients of the ginger group had significant improvement in FËV1 , PËF and ÂÇT scores (P<0.001) at the end of 10 weeks. Mean (95% ÇÏ) measurements for ginger vs placebo treatment periods were 1.99 vs 1.49 (0.32 to 0.68) L for FËV1, 255.8 vs 205.4 (27.1 to 73.8) L min-1 for PËF and 20.6 vs 17.3 (2.77 to 3.73) for ÂÇT scores. There was a similar frequency of minor adverse effects reported during placebo (13%) and ginger (16%) treatments (P>0.05).
Çonclusion: Powdered ginger rhizome capsule as an add on to inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2 agonist is effective in the improvement of FËV1, PËF, and ÂÇT scores of the patients of a moderate type of persistent asthma uncontrolled on standard treatment.

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Introduction: The amount and composition of municipal solid waste, as basic data, require to design, operation and optimization of waste management systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative of municipal solid waste in tabriz city. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from all regions (10 regions) of Tabriz city. The samples have chosen according random cluster sampling during a year. 12 samples were collected in each season. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares. Results: The results indicated that amount of MSW was 1200 tons per day. The content of organic material, paper & cardboard and recyclable (plastic, metal, glass and etc) was 52%, 13.15% and 19%, respectively. The maximum and minimum production rate was in august and January, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately, 85% of wastes included the recyclable and organic materials which the reuse of this material prevents the environmental pollution. The citizens believed that the most important of MSW program should be the promoting awareness, waste reduction and recycling.

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Background and purpose: Corrosion is a physicochemical reaction between metal and its surrounding that lead to changing in water quality. Corrosion causes to solve the pipelines that release the pollutants in the water. The objective of this study was to assess the scale formation and corrosion of drinking water supplies in Yasuj (Iran) in 2012 Materials and methods: This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Experiments were conducted according to standard methods for water and wastewater experiment in the Water and Wastewater Co. The data were analyzed by using of Excel and Water Stability analyzer softwares. The results were compared with national and international standards. Results: The results showed that the calcium and TDS contents are not in the recommended range of national and WHO standards. The Langelier Index ranged from -0.91 to -0.43 in summer and -0.66 to -0.25 in the winter. The average of Rayznr index was 8.61±0.23 and 8.48±0.07 in the summer and the winter, respectively. The average of aggression, Puckorius and Larson indexes were 11.58, 8.13 and 0.29 respectively, which indicates the most of water supplies don’t tend to scale formation, however tend to mild corrosion. Conclusion: The results showed that water supplies of Yasuj city was mild corrosive. Therefore water quality should be control. Also water pipelines should be preserved with several modes of corrosion inhibition.

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Introduction: The nitrite and nitrate are considered as pollutant agents of ground water resource, which are currently entering the wastewater types their average, are increasing. In this study, changes in nitrate and nitrite in drinking water resources of Gachsaran are reviewed with GIS systems. Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, the sampling and measurement of parameters was done based on the Standard method book, Overall the number 258 samples from 43 sources and results of 5 years Archived analysis in Water and sewage Co with GIS software version 9.3 and SPSS version 16 and Pearson correlation test was analyzed. Results: The results showed that, the concentration of nitrate from 5.15 (based on nitrate) in year of 2006 and nitrite from 0.01 in 2009 increased to 10.87 and 0.0157 (ppm), respectively in 2011. The minimum of nitrate concentration related to year of 2006 and their maximum was 11ppm (based on nitrate) in 2009 and local changes of nitrite and nitrate levels indicated that the studied area have high quality Compared to other areas. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the concentration of nitrite and nitrate is increased during the past years. While the concentration of these parameters was less than determined National and international standards, but due to the risks of this elements must be prevented the increasing trend.

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Abstract Background and purpose: The most common serum used in culture media is fetal bovine serum (FBS). Given that FBS is costly, this study aimed at evaluating the hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) as a substitute for FBS in culture medium of fibroblast cells isolated from rat. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, skin dermal area from inguinal and abdomen of rat were used for fibroblast preparation. Fibroblasts cells were isolated using trypsin enzyme and then were cultured in RPMI medium (including 20% FBS). After sufficient cell growth, they were isolated and cultured in 24-well microtiter plate in three successive concentrations as follows: pure RPMI and RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% FBS as control groups, and RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% HCF. Then survival rate and proliferation level were checked in three successive days using invert microscope (morphology evaluation) and trypan blue 0.4% as vital dye (quantitative evaluation), respectively. Results: Proliferation and growth of fibroblast cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% FBS concentrations were normal during the three days with 95% survival rate. In contrast, fibroblast cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% HCF concentrations were converted from normal to spherical form over the three days and 80 % of them were alive. Conclusion: The results indicated that we can apply HCF as an alternative for FBS up to 72h in RPMI medium. It can also be used as transport or short maintenance media for fibroblast cells.

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Background and purpose: In recent years, interest to behavioral-neural theory system associated with motivation and emotion Personality and Mental Pathology over the past has been taken into consideration. In this regard, the present study was aimed at doing the relationship between behavioral-neural system with clinical psychological symptoms in the students of Baharestan and Robatkarim. Material and Methods: In this regard, 340 high school students (170 boys-170 girls) in Baharestan and Robatkarim were selected by cluster sampling method and then tested by symptom Check List -90-r(SCL-90-R) and Inventory behavior inhibition behavioral activation system. The data were analyzed using by software SPSS-17 and Pearson Correlation coefficient and the step by step regression Results: The results show that there is a significant relationship between Behavioral activation system (BAS) and anxiety (P<0.05) and psychosis (P<0.05). The result about Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) shows that there was a significant relationship between this system with all the 9 syndromes. Also, result regression shows that 0/5/8 of experience of symptoms were explained by Behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Conclusion: It seems the result of the present Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is one of important components in explaining clinical psychological symptoms in individuals especially the adolescents.

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Background and purpose: One of the biggest environmental problems of pulp and paper industries is discharge of colored wastewater containing lignin to environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TiO2 photocatalytic process Dap with iron in the presence of UV for lignin degradation. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at laboratory scale (in vitro) in a 2-liter reactor. The synthesis of nano was made by sol-gel method. Lignin absorption was done using UV/Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm. The samples were estimated based on factorial method (72 samples). The SPSS software version 16.0 and Excel 2007 and regression test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The highest removal rate in the presence of UV was 95.4%, and in the presence of sunlight was 87.4%. The removal rate of lignin increased when the concentration increased from 0.15 to 0.3 g/l. In all of the pH, the removal rate increased with increasing in retention time from 15 to 120 minutes and remains slightly constant after 60 minutes. The optimum pH was obtained 7. The reaction rate increased when the concentration of nano increase and the pH decreased. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the removal rate was considerably above in visible light and in the presence of sunlight, which represented the Dap role of nanoparticle therefore, due to the low consumption, low power consumption and high efficiency, Doped nano can be used as an alternative for the removal of lignin from the pulp and paper industries.

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Background and purpose: Exposure to formaldehyde (FA), a highly-used chemical in industries, can induce serious health problems.Aim of this study was to explorethestatus of oxidant and antioxidant parameters in liver tissue of rats exposed to FAinhalation Materials and methods: Twenty-one male albino Wistar rats divided into 3 separate groups randomly (n=7). Rats in groups 1 and 2 were respectively exposed to atmospheres containing6 and 12 PPM FA continuously (8 hours/day, 14 days), whileanimals in group 3 which served as control group were not exposed to any stress source.The animals were anesthetized by CO2 and after decapitation, liver samples were collected and processed for estimation of MDA and GSHlevels in the supernatant by spectrophotometric methodin control and exposed groups. Data were analyzed bynonparametric tests and significance was expressedas P<0.05. Results: The present research findings showed statistically significant body weight loss in FA (12ppm) exposed group compared to the control and also FA (6ppm) exposed groups. However, a statistically significant decrease in liver weight and liver/body weight ratio was observed in the exposed groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). FA exposed groups showed a statistically significant decrease in GSH levelin liver tissue and statistically significant increase in MDA level in liver tissue (P<0.05). However, the levels of changes inbiochemical parametersin FA exposed groups were not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The results of present study show that exposure to formaldehyde is toxic to liver tissue. Further research for exploring the toxicity of FA in occupationally exposed groups is recommended.

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Background and purpose: Depression and social phobia are common psychiatric disorders. The main objective of this study was to study of relationship between social problem-solving and depression and social phobia among students. Materials and methods: In this correlational- descriptive study, 403 (245female and 158 male) from Islamic Azad university, Azadshahr branch were selected through stratified random sampling method. In order to collect the data, were used The Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (Short Form), Beck Depression Inventory, and Social Phobia Inventory. Data were analyzed through SPSS-13, Pearson's correlation, t test and analysis of Variance (AN0VA). Results: Data analysis showed significant relationship between social problem solving ability and Social Phobia and depression (P<0.001). There was a significant difference among the students with low, medium and high social problem- solving ability. The students who had high ability in solving social problems had less depression and social phobia (P<0.001). Conclusion: Social problem solving ability can decrease the depression and social phobia among university students. Teaching this skill will lead to promoting the level of mental health of university students.

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Background and purpose: Many studies have investigated the cardioprotective effects of olive leaf extract (OLE). None, however, has reported its antiarrhythmic role for in vivo model arrhythmia. This study aimed at investigating the antiarrhythmic effect of OLE andassessing the duration of its use inanesthetized rats. Materials and methods: Forty eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of eight. All groups-except group one (the control group)- received OLE (200 mg/kg/day, orally) for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Then, their left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 30 min under general anesthesia and artificial respiratory support. Direct blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored before and during the ischemia. Results: The data showed that severity of arrhythmia including ventricular ectopic beats, incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), and ventricular fibrillation (VF) reduced significantly in groups that received OLE for at least 14 days. Also, the number and duration of VT and VF episodes decreased significantly in groups five and six, especially the group that received OLE for 28 days. Conclusion: These results show that oral administration of OLE could induce antiarrhythmic effect, if used for more than seven days. Further studies are required to determine the effects of different doses and durations and cellular mechanisms of OLE.

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Background and purpose: The new thrombolytic agents have opened a new horizon in the treatment of patients with stroke. However, the contraindication and delay in beginning of the drug have caused serious obstacles to apply this therapy. In this study we verified these obstacles in early beginning of thrombolytic treatment. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, we investigated the patients with stroke attending Tehran Imam Hossain hospital from June 2010 to September 2011. The data including demographic features, financial status, previous medical history, and time interval were obtained using a questionnaire. The data was then analyzed in SPSS ver.18 applying Student’s t-tests and Chi-square. Results: Of 171 subjects, 151 were investigated. The mean age of the patients was 59.7 years and they were 97(64.2%) male. The main barriers to delivery of thrombolytic therapy were losing the golden time (70.3%), drug contraindication (20.9%), absence of intensive care bed (5.4%), and financial problems (3.4%). The average time from patient arrival time in emergency department to the time of physician’s visit, performing brain CT scan, neurology consultation and making the final decision were 11, 112, 211 and 320 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The main obstacle to timely initiation of thrombolytic therapy is delay in referral to the emergency department. Therefore, public education to promote public awareness could be of great benefit in reducing the referral delay time.

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Background and purpose: Nitrate contamination in aqueous solution has become an increasingly serious environmental problem. Hence, in this study removal of nitrate in aqueous solution was reviewed using electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-fenton (EF) processes for Fe electrodes. Materials and methods: In the present study, an EC and EF reactor in a lab scale to an approximate volume of 1 liter was proposed for removing of nitrate polluted water which was equipped with four Fe-Fe electrodes with dimensions 200 × 20 × 2 mm. The effects of operating parameters such as initial nitrate concentration, applied voltage (10-30 V), initial pH of the solution (3-12), different initial hydrogen peroxide (for EF process) and reaction times (5-30 minutes) were evaluated. Results: The batch experimental results showed that initial nitrate concentration, initial pH of the solution, different applied voltages, initial H2O2 concentration and reaction times were highly effective on the nitrate removal efficiency in these processes. Based on the results, over 88% of nitrate in optimum condition (pH = 8, applied voltage = 30 V, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l) have been removed in EC process. In addition, the application of EF process can remove 93% of nitrate at pH = 3, applied voltage = 30 V, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l and 5 ml H2O2/l. Conclusion: Both EC and EF technologies can highly remove nitrate in aqueous solution. However, it was found that much better nitrate removal efficiency could be achieved by EF process than by EC process at the same condition.

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Background and purpose: Cigarette is the most common and cheapest addictive substance associated with physical, financial, familial and social harm. Khantezian self-medication hypothesis proposes that many people smoke because of low distress tolerance and emotional deregulation. However, there is no research concerning this issue in Iran.The aim of this study was to investigate Compression Emotion Regulation Negative Strategies in Smokers and Non-Smoker Students. Material and methods: According to this, 80 smokers and 80 non-smoking male students of Tabriz University were selected randomly. The participants were examined by Emotion Regulation Negative Strategies questionnaires. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results: The results showed that smokers and nonsmoker students in-cognitive components of setting that there is a significant difference excitement. Thus, students who smoke have more negative cognitive strategies to regulate. Conclusion: Therefore, the appropriate use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be taught to students, especially in our country, because our information about this problem is very little.

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Background and purpose: The role of health system managers has always been emphasized in the efficient running of system of hygienic and remedial services and much attention is paid to the selection of the best persons to do that. The main purpose of this study was to design the managers' competency model of health sector and evaluate them from the standpoint of middle managers of health system. Material and methods: The study population included all the health system managers in Iran. The questionnaires were distributed among 385 people. The data were collected through the researcher's questionnaire which was used to assess the model proposed by applying library and field studies (interviewing with 30 person of health system managers of Iran). The questionnaire contains 8 main categories in competency criteria of managers and includes 63 questions. It was validated in terms of construct validity and Cronbach' alpha was used to ensure its internal consistency reliability. (more than 0.79 for each category). Inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations model by specifying T-Value) and "LISREL" software was used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire. Results: 280 filled out questionnaires of the participants (75.1%) were analyzed in this study. Based on the collected data, T. values for knowledge of and professional awareness competencies, behavioral and intellectual, personal traits, service, responsibility, and considering the ideological and moral (ethical) values equal 11.90, 11.06, 8.39, 10.68, 6.55, 9.31, 3.43, and 2.17 Conclusion: Considering and applying the presented criteria in proposed competency model of health system managers which are ranked by the middle managers can be one of the way of improving the quality of management in the health system of Iran.

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Background and purpose: Nitrate is one of the pollutants of groundwater resources which is easily found in agricultural and wastewater disposal areas. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variations of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water resources of Kohgiluyeh -a city in Iran- using Geographic Information System (GIS). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2011 in which 18 sources of drinking water (108 samples) and results of five-year-archived analysis in Water and sewage Co of Kohgiloyeh were studied applying GIS software ver. 9.3, SPSS ver. 16, and Pearson correlation test. Results: The results showed that the mean of nitrate concentration in 2007 was 18.5 ± 1.5 and in the summer and fall of 2011 was 20 ± 4.6 and 20.83 ± 2.2 ppm, respectively which indicates a direct correlation between years and the increase in nitrate concentration (R= 0.92, P= 0.01). However, the nitrite concentration was found steady in most years. The spatial variations represent worse quality of northwest. Ordinary kriging is the best interpolation method for nitrate and nitrite. Conclusion: According to the results, the concentration of nitrite and nitrate has increased during the past years and in some parts are even rising more than the standard levels. The reasons could be regional geology and agricultural and to prevent such problems protecting the wells, using river water for agriculture, and construction of wastewater treatment plants could be of great benefit.

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Background and purpose: The diagnosis of iron overload in various organs such as heart and liver in patients with blood-transfusion-dependent thalassemia can greatly improve their quality of life. In this study, we investigated the relationship of T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRIT2*) of heart and liver with ferritin levels also assessed the factors affecting iron overload using generalized estimation equations (GEE). Materials and methods: 53 patients with thalassemia major in Dr. Mohamed Kermanshahi hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2011-12 were enrolled. To investigate the relationship of MRIT2* of heart and liver with serum ferritin levels in addition to linear models, quadratic, exponential and logarithmic data were fitted well. To identify factors influencing iron overload, generalized estimation equations was used. Results: Exponential model was more appropriate to describe the relationship of serum ferritin levels with MRIT2* of heart (R2 = 0.170) and quadratic model was more appropriate for liver (R2 = 0.277). Generalized estimation equations model showed that ferritin level (P < 0.001), splenectomy status (P < 0.001), desferal (P < 0.001), and osveral (P < 0.001) affected the iron overload. Conclusion: Using generalized estimation equations model for longitudinal studies and studies of correlation between response variables is more reliable and needs smaller sample.

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Background and purpose: Chloroform is a disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that results from reactions between residual chlorine and organic compounds as precursors. The presence of these DBPs in chlorinated drinking water can pose a severe public health threat including potential carcinogenicity. In this study chloroform concentrations as an indicator of DBPs of chlorinated water was evaluated in Tehran’s drinking water system. Material and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study in which the samples were taken from water treatment outlet and from certain points of the water distribution network in different seasons during 2009. The samples were analyzed for presence of chloroform compounds using standard methods. The temperature, pH, and residual chlorine concentration were measured as the most important factors associated with chloroform concentrations. Results: Total average concentrations of chloroform in the water treatment plant outlet and in the distribution network were 11.2 and 36.5 micrograms per liter, respectively. These amounts in distribution network concentrations were almost 3.3 times more than the amount of water treatment outlet concentrations. Conclusion: Evaluation of chloroform concentrations in the water treatment plant outlet and distribution network involving temperature, pH, and chlorine residual indicated a direct correlation between them, which was significant in distribution network system and non-significant in the water treatment plant.

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Abstract Background and purpose: Delayed wound healing is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. However, less is known about the cause of this pathology. Types of skin cells, extracellular matrix and variety of growth factors are involved in wound healing. The use of recombinant growth factors in researches and production of skin substitutes are still a challenge. Much research has been done on the effects of gene therapy and cell therapy in wound healing. This experimental study assessed the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) over expression in combination with fibroblast cells therapy to diabetic wounds in rats. Material and methods: Diabetes was induced in rats using Streptozotocin. Fibroblasts were cultured and transfected with IGF-1. Lipofectamine 2000 was used as reagent transfection and transgene expression levels were measured by ELIZA. To study the in vivo, rats (weighing 170-200g) were randomly divided into three groups (5/group) and full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum region. Suspensions of transfected fibroblast and native fibroblast cells were injected into the wound and were compared with the wounds treated with normal saline. For microscopic examination, biopsy was performed on day 8. Results: In in vitro, the maximum expression of IGF-1 in transfected fibroblast cells (96.95 pg/ml) was 24 h after gene transfer. In vivo, IGF-1 gene therapy increased the number of fibroblast and keratinocyte cells in wound healing process. Granulation tissue formation in transfected fibroblast and native fibroblast cells groups compared with the normal saline group were found to be more organized. Conclusion: The expression of IGF-1 increased by optimization of gene transfer. High concentrations of IGF-1, in combination with cell therapy, had a significant effect on delayed wound healing in diabetic rats.