---

Abstract Background and purpose: Since lifestyle affects one’s health, health-promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to facilitate and preserve health. Unfortunately, there are no native instruments for measuring health-enhancing behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLPII) in Iran. Materials and methods: The instrument, using Jones et al. approach, was translated into Persian and then was back-translated. Then, a panel of experts examined the questionnaire with regard to cultural sensitivities, clarity of the questions, differences and errors in their meanings. The Farsi version was then evaluated using a convenience sample of 466 adults referring to health care centers in Qazvin. Finally, based on data collected from cross-sectional study, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were employed to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire. To determine reliability, a test-retest administration with a two-week interval was used. Moreover, to examine the internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Results: The order of factors was not entirely identical to that of the psychometric assessment of its English version. It was found that the two versions were similar only in the structure of the two factors, namely interpersonal relationship and nutrition. The alpha reliability coefficient was 0.82 for the total scale and ranged from 0.64 to 0.91 for the subscales. All items had acceptable item-total correlations (P>0.34). Test-retest results showed stability for HPLPII as well as for the subscales. The confirmatory factor analysis related to six-factor model represented an acceptable fit. Examining the latent constructs of the measurement model reduced the number of items from 52 to 49. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Farsi version of the health promoting lifestyle profile has demonstrated initial reliability and validity.

---

Abstract Background and purpose: Teaching evaluation questionnaire of instructors is an important instrument used in educational processes which can be performed using different methods including students' feedbacks. This is now considered as a challenging educational issue and different positions exist in this regard. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of students' feedback in different terms and majors in the evaluation of instructors teaching the same course. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional analytic study, evaluation of 40 instructors was carried out by 89 groups of students. Each instructor was teaching a specific course to several groups of students. The questionnaire was classified into four areas. The total score was assessed for each instructor and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation test. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The reliability of the questionnaire was high (α=0.96) based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The reliability index was the highest in the area of teaching skills (α=0.96) and the lowest in terms of educational discipline (α=0.81). There was a significant correlation among different studied variables scored by different groups of students for each instructor. A significant correlation was also found between the total and the average score (P<0.001). Conclusion: The questionnaire used for the evaluation of the instructors was highly reliable and reliability was higher than optimal level in all areas. Therefore, it seems that students' feedback is one of the reliable methods in the evaluation of instructors using an appropriate questionnaire.

---

Background and purpose: This study was aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of a designed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and to determine the major dietary pattern of overweight and obese adults in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and methods: The study included two studies: (1) a pilot study (n = 30) assessment of reliability and reproducibility of FFQ, (2) a cross-sectional study (n = 422) aiming to determine the major dietary pattern of overweight and obese adults. A 189-food item FFQ was completed twice with one-month interval for each subjects. Food consumption over one year for 422 adults aged 20-60 years in Tabriz was collected after assessment of reliability and reproducibility of FFQ. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was estimated. Factor analysis was used to determine major dietary pattern. Results: Correlation coefficient of the two completed FFQ was varied from 0.60 (for garlic) to 0.97 (for potatoes). Three major dietary patterns were found using factor analysis: "healthy", "western" and "traditional" dietary pattern. Correlation coefficient for the three "Healthy", "Western" and "Traditional" dietary patterns, were 0.90, 0.83 and 0.92, respectively. These dietary patterns included 23% of the total variances. Conclusion: The reliability and reproducibility of the FFQ used in this study was good. There were three major dietary pattern using FFQ among overweight and obese adults in Tabriz.

---

Abstract Background and purpose: The deep cervical flexor muscles have a major role in neck stabilization and evidence suggests that these muscles especially longus colli muscle (LCM) becomes dysfunctional in panitents suffering from cervicogenic headache. Therefore, measurement of these muscles in healthy subjects and patients may be of great value to understand the stabilization function of the muscles and also to fallow the effect of interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess within and between days reliability of LCM anterior-posterior dimension(APD) and lateral dimension (LD) measurement using ultrasonography (US) in a group of healthy subjects and a group of patients with cervicogenic headache. Materials and methods: This methodological research was performed on 19 subjects including 10patients with cervicogenic headache and 9 healthy subjects. Neck LCM dimensions was measured at the level of thyroid cartilage using a real time US device. Two images of LCM dimensions were taken on the same day with an hour interval to assess the within- day reliability and the third image was taken tow days later to determine between- days reliability. Then data were compared using statistical analysis. Results: Healthy subjects were aged between 20-35 and patients between 20- 25 The ICC measurements for within day and between days reliability in healthy subjects were varied ranging from 0.80 to 0.92 for APD, 0.68-0.89 for LD. In patients group it was also ranged between 0.90- 0.92 and 0.81-0.90 respectively. The highest reliability score were performed for APD measurement in healthy subjects and patients with cervicogenic headache (ICC= 0.92). Conclusion: The results indicated that US could be a reliable tool to measure the LCM dimensions in healthy subjects and patients with cervicogenic headache. Therefore, this non invasive method can be used to follow up the effect of exercise therapy interventions.

---

Background and purpose: Quality of life is a very important concept in health care. This study was designed in order to translate and validate the Persian version of the Quality of Life Index (QLI) questionnaire. Material and Methods: Permission was asked and a forward-backward translation procedure was followed to develop the Persian version of the questionnaire. Questionnaire was administered to 130 students in Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University. These students were selected on the basis of systematic random sampling. The QLI and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and Vaux social support questionnaire were used in pretest. After two weeks interval only QLI questionnaire was used. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using internal consistency. Test re test reliability, concomitant validity and construct validity was assessed using coefficient of concordance and spearman's correlation. Results: The internal consistency for the global score was 0.934 indicating that all domains met the minimum reliability standard, the Cranach's alpha ranged from 0.74 to 0.90 except for family subscale (α= 0.58). Test re test reliability showed good results for global score (spearman's correlation=0.89, ICC= 0.887) and for other domains except for family subscale (ICC= 0.255). The concomitant validity and construct validity revealed significant correlation between QLI with SF-36 questionnaire and Vaux questionnaire, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis using EQS software also revealed that factor structure of the questionnaire in sample survey is repeated. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Quality of Life Index is a reliable and valid tool. However, further research is required to reduce the problems associated with reliability of family subscale.

---

Background and purpose: Some studies suggest motor and sensory differences between stuttering and normal subjects. One of these differences could be the difference in oral and facial sensory-motor abilities. Researches have shown that the assessment and treatment of motor and sensory disabilities can play a major role in helping stuttering children. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Orofacial Abilities Assessment procedure (MAMS) in children who stutter and non-stuttering children. Materials and methods: At first, the Orofacial Assessment Procedure (The Movement, Articulation, Mandibular and Sensory awareness (MAMS)) was translated into Persian and the content and face validity of MAMS was determined. Then 20 children (10 stuttering and 10 non-stuttering) were included in the study. To evaluate the reliability, the test-retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient methods was used Results: All questions in MAMS had easy translation, and 93% were in ideal level. The ideal quality and content and face validity was achieved thoroughly by making slight changes. Significant correlation was seen in ICC for total score (P<0.002) and in test-retest scores for each parts (P<0.02). In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for each section and showed the internal reliability was 71.7 to 1. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 71.4 for the total parts was achieved. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Persian version of MAMS has an acceptable level of reliability and validity in assessing Children speaking in Persian language.

---

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the Within-day and Between-days reliability of abdominal muscles size measurement in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) using ultrasound (US). Materials and methods: In this study, 15 patients with chronic non-specific LBP (20-50 years old) were recruited. The reliability of the abdominal muscle size (External and Internal oblique, and Transversus abdominis) was assessed in a relaxed and contraction state by a real time US. Two images were taken on the same day with an hour interval to assess the within day reliability and the third image was taken a week later to determine the between- days reliability. Results: Within-day and between-days reliability of abdominal muscles thickness measurements using US in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP in both rest and contraction state found to be high, ICC = 0.90 for within and ICC=0.85 for between-days of Transversus abdominis muscle in rest state and ICC= 0.82 and 0.86 in contraction state, respectively. For Internal oblique muscle, ICC=0.90 (82%) and ICC=0.88 (88%) were found for within-day and between-days in rest and contraction state, respectively. Within-day and between-days reliability at rest of ICC=0.86 (79%) and in contraction state of ICC=0.79 (75%) were demonstrated for External Oblique muscle. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest US as a reliable method to evaluate the thickness of the abdominal muscles which could be used as a reliable tool in the assessment of patients and also in evaluating the effect of different therapeutic interventions.

---

Background and purpose: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 (NPI-40) is a self-report questionnaire for assessing narcissistic characteristics in non-clinical samples. The aim of this research was to assess the validity of the 40- items version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Materials and methods: In a survey study, 500 people from Shahin Shahr, Isfahan, were randomly selected using stratified sampling. They were assessed by Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 (NPI-40), NEO personality scale and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II. Concurrent validity of the NPI was studied through correlational analysis with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II). To study discriminate validity, the persons who obtained high low scores in NEO's extraversion and agreeableness factors were compared with their scores in narcissism scores. Results: In exploratory factor analysis (Promax rotation) three components were extracted including ................. .Significant correlation was found between the MCMI-II and NPI-40. Also, Test- Retest reliability coefficient and internal consistence of the scales were estimated to be 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that NPI-40, as a multidimensional scale has agreeable degree of reliability and Psychometric properties which could be considered as an appropriate instrument to screen narcissistic personality traits in non- clinical population.

---

Background and purpose: A clear agreement is doubted in identifying vaginismus based on the clinical diagnostic criteria including pain, cramps and spasms. This study was performed to design a diagnostic questionnaire for vaginismus and investigating its psychometric characteristics. Materials and methods: This study was performed with a combinatorial approach. The final questionnaire was approved after performing 33 interviews and applying professional expertise in the qualitative part. In first stage of the quantitative part in face validity, the questionnaire was completed by 30 participants and its content validity was studied by 11 people from expert panel. Finally the validity was calculated by asking 100 patients. The internal and external validity were determined using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest in 30 patients with pain during examination. Results: At first, the changes in the qualitative stage of face validity was applied and the item effect index for 6 items were lower than 1.5 in the quantitative stage of face validity. Five questions did not receive desired points in CVR and CVI calculation in the quantitative part of content validity. KMO rate was 0.810 in the qualitative factor analysis. Also, the Bartlett's test of significance level was less than 5 percent. Cronbach alpha rate was calculated as 0.907. The external reliability was lower than 0.05. Conclusion: This instrument contains low number of questions, simple items to answer and is both reliable and valid, so it could be used for proper diagnosis of vaginismus in women with pain during sexual intercourse.

---

Background and purpose: Cerebral palsy is a common disorder in children leading to their dysfunction in many aspects. Therefore, to provide appropriate treatment plan that could improve the function of these children, a valid assessment tool is needed. Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) is designed to evaluate the performance of children with disabilities in three dimensions: self-care, mobility, and social function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Persian version of PEDI in children with cerebral palsy aged 3 to 9 years old.

Materials and methods: In this study, 75 participants were selected by convenience sampling. Information was collected using demographic questionnaire and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The parents were interviewed and PEDI was completed. After two weeks, in order to evaluate the reliability of the test-retest, 22 parents were re-interviewed. Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach's alpha, and the reliability of the test-retest was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: In examining the internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (0.94-0.98).The results of test-retest reliability of the functional skills and caregiver assistance scale were excellent (0.96-0.97). Also, the results of test-retest reliability in modification scale were excellent in self-care and social performance (0.99 and 1, respectively) and good in mobility dimension (0.66).

Conclusion: This study proved the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Persian version of PEDI in evaluating the performance of Persian-speaking children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, PEDI could be applied in research and clinical settings for evaluation of children with cerebral palsy in Iran.

---

Background and purpose: The Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADL) are two instruments that screen elderly respondents for physical functioning. They also assess whether they are dependent or independent in performing their activities. This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of Iranian version of ADL and IADL.

Materials and methods: ADL and IADL Persian versions were prepared by the forward-backward method. Content Validity Index (CVI) was also used. The questionnaire was given to 300 individuals. To determine the criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity of the ADL and IADL were calculated. To assess the construct validity convergent validity and known groups were used and ADL and IADL mean scores were compared using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Internal consistency and reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest.

Results: The content validity index was more than 0.82 for both ADL and IADL. Convergent validity showed that the mean scores of ADL and IADL in elderly individuals with normal and adverse normal cognitive ability were significantly different. Also, the studied instruments were able to differentiate between different age groups. The sensitivity and specificity of ADL and IADL were 0.75 and 0.96, respectively. Cronbach'salpha and ICC were more than 0.75.

Conclusion: The Persian version of ADL and IADL were found to be consistent and valid measures for assessing daily activities and instrumental activities of Iranian elderly. They are also easy to use and are recommended for research projects.

---

Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure analysis of the Persian version of the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSH). This scale is used to evaluate sleep quality in hospitalized patients and their perception of sleep for the preceding night.

Materials and methods: The Persian version of the scale was provided using forward translation. Then, 220 hospitalized patients were randomly selected to complete the approved version of the VSH sleep scale.  Face validity was confirmed by experts, and content validity and construct validity were confirmed by CVR and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. The reliability of the items was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and bisection method.

Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient and reliability of the scale was 0.43 before the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis with principal components and varimax rotation led to the extraction of three factors. The first was sleep disturbance that included 6 items of the 7 items in VSH sleep scale. The second was sleep supplementation that included 3 items of the 4 items in the scale. The last factor was sleep effectiveness which included only a single item from 5 items thereby, being removed from the scale. The remaining two factors explained 55.31% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the new questions was 0.83 and using Bisection test the correlation coefficient was 0.7.

Conclusion: Reliability and validity of the Persian form of the VSH sleep scale proves that this version is appropriate for measuring the quality of sleep in Iranian hospitalized population.

---

Background and purpose: Deep lumbar muscles have a major role in lumbar stabilization and evidence suggests that these muscles especially multifidus muscle becomes dysfunctional in the presence of low back pain. Therefore, measurement of these muscles in healthy subjects and patients may be of great value to understand the stabilization function of the muscles. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of lumbar multifidus muscle size measurement using ultrasonography (US) in healthy adolescent males.

Materials and methods: This methodological research was performed in 20 healthy boys (15-17 years of age). Lumbar multifidus muscle size was measured at the level of L5 using a real time US device. Two images were taken on the same day with an hour interval to assess the within- day reliability and the third image was taken one week later to determine between- days reliability. Cross sectional area (CSA), anterior posterior dimension (APD), and lateral dimension (LD) were measured in each image.

Results: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for within day and between days reliability in healthy adolescents varied, ranging between 0.72 to 0.76 for CSA, 0.79 to 0.89 for APD, and 0.79 to 0.84 for LD.

Conclusion: The results indicated that US could be considered as a reliable tool to measure the muscle thickness in children. Therefore, this non-invasive method can be used in the assessment of lumbar multifidus muscle and also to monitor the effect of different interventions in this population.

---

Background and purpose: Social phobia is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that negatively influences different aspects of life. Developing a simple and effective tool is necessary in epidemiological studies and clinical screening to assess the individuals suffering from social phobia. This study aimed at investigating the reliability and validity of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) among students with social anxiety.

Materials and methods: The participants included 110 students in Lorestan Pyame Noor University who suffered from social anxiety. They were selected using cluster sampling. The reliability of SPIN was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, Spearman-Brown coefficient and, test-retest. The validity of the instrument was evaluated by investigating the relationship between SPIN subscales and other scales including SCL-90-R, Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CEQ), Self-Esteem Rating Scale (SERS), and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) using the Pierson's correlation coefficient.

Results: Convergent validity of the SPIN by SCL- 90-R and CEQ was r= 0.83 and r=0.47, respectively. Its discriminate validity was r= -0.70, r= -0.44 using the SERS and MBRSQ, respectively (α<0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest of SPIN was 0.97, 0.97 and 0.82 respectively (α<0.0001).

Conclusion: Social Phobia Inventory can be used as a valid and reliable tool in investigating the mental health issues in students.

---

Background and purpose: Middle Trapezius Muscle (MTM) is a key muscle in maintaining postural stability of the shoulder but it has received less attention in research. This study aimed to measure the ultrasonic thickness of the MTM in non-athlete healthy young men. Also, inter-rater repeatability in measuring ultrasonic thickness of this muscle was calculated.

Materials and methods: A fundamental applied study was carried out by voluntary participation of 60 healthy young men aged 18-28 years. Demographic characteristics of the participants were recorded and ultrasonic thickness of both left and right MTM was measured by two examiners when the muscle was at rest. The measurements were repeated for three times. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS V18 using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) between the first and third measurements to assess intra-rater reliability. In addition, Standard Error Measurement (SEM) with a 95% confidence interval (CI=95%) was estimated.

Results: Average ultrasonic thickness of the left and right MTM was 8.03 ± 1.55 and 8.10 ± 1.54 mm, respectively. The ICC between the measurements from the first and second rater was 0.86. Inter tester reliability showed ICC 0.95 and 0.98 for right and left MTM respectively.

Conclusion: Measurement of ultrasonic thickness of MTM at rest, showed a high intra reliability. Further studies are recommended to measure MTM ultrasonic thickness in patients suffering from neck and shoulder dysfunctions.

---

Background and purpose: Irrational health beliefs are recognized as one of the main variables in healthy lifestyle. Despite the leading role of dysfunctional assumptions such as irrational health beliefs in healthy behaviors and lifestyle, there is no appropriate scale for their assessment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Irrational Health Belief Scale.
Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 100 medical students in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. They completed the Irrational Health Belief scale consisting of 20 items. The psychometric properties were examined by exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis.
Results: The psychometric evaluation included data quality, factor structure, construct validity, and internal consistency. Unidimensionality was supported by exploratory factor analysis. The CFA results indicated sufficient model fit. KMO rate was 0.833 in the qualitative factor analysis. Also, the Bartlett's test of significance level was less than 5%. Cronbach alpha rate was calculated as 0.86 and the test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.64.
Conclusion: This study proved appropriate psychometric properties of the Irrational Health Belief Scale that could facilitate assessment of irrational health beliefs. Therefore, it could be administered to measure irrational health beliefs in medical students.
 

---

Background and purpose: Preterm birth is a stressful situation for parents and the infant, which may lead to difficulties in mother-infant relationships and disturb emotional and cognitive development in infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the Parenting Stress Scale for Mothers of Premature Infants.
Materials and methods: The research sample included 500 mothers of premature infants selected via convenient sampling. They were divided into two groups (n=250 per group). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Exploration and confirmation factor analysis were applied to investigate the validity of the scale.
Results: The Parenting Stress Scale for Mothers of Premature Infants was found to have an acceptable internal consistency and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.918. Test-re test reliability coefficient was 0.833 after 15 days.  Three factors of parenting stress, mother-infant turbulent interaction, and parental expectations were obtained under the varimax rotation. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed that the structure of the scale had an acceptable fit to the data, and all indicators confirmed the fitting goodness of this model.
Conclusion: Findings showed that this scale has appropriate psychometric properties which could be suitable in evaluating parenting stress for mothers of premature infants
 
 

---

Background and purpose: Hearing impaired children with cochlear implant experience many problems as they have developmental language impairments with impaired working memory. The aim of this study was to develop a working memory test and investigating the working memory in children with cochlear implant.
Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, a Persian working memory scale for children was developed. Content validity (n=9), face validity (n=9), and reliability (n=30) of the test were evaluated. Then, the auditory working memory test was performed in 30 Persian speaking children with normal hearing and in five with cochlear implant.
Results: The content validity was 100%. The performance of children confirmed face validity of the scale. Test-retest reliability was 0.938 (P <0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean scores between the group with normal hearing (78.06±27.017) and those with cochlear implants (28.2 ±25.547) (95% CI, [P <0.05]).
Conclusion: The Persian working memory scale for children was found to have content validity, face validity, and reliability. Children with cochlear implants performed weaker than normal children on working memory tasks.
 

---

Background and purpose: Studies on the function of referral system in Iran had not covered all aspects and structures of the referral system. This could be due to lack of an appropriate tool that could investigate referral system in Iran. The current study was done to translate and investigate the validation of Referral Systems Assessment and Monitoring (RSAM) Toolkit based on family physician in Iran.
Materials and methods: The English version of RSAM was translated into Farsi. Content validity was assessed by calculating content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). For this purpose we used 20 informed individuals familiar with family physician program and referral system. Then, the tool was used in 52 family physician units in Mazandaran province and its reliability was investigated. Data were analyzed in SPSS V24 and LISREL 8.8.
Results: The coefficients of CVR and CVI were 70% and 90%, respectively, which were higher than the acceptable values. The Chrocbach’s alpha coefficient for reliability of multiple choice items was 0.89 (good) and the Kudar-Ricahrson coefficient for two-choice items was 0.83. (acceptable).
Conclusion: The RSAM tool for Family Physician Program in Iran has the necessary scientific features and could be efficient in investigating this form of referral system.
 

---

 Background and purpose: Population aging is increasing and aged people need supports and care from individuals who are resilient enough in providing all types of care. Measuring the resilience of caregivers requires a valid and reliable tool. This study aimed at designing, analyzing the psychometric properties, and using a questionnaire to investigate resilience among in-home caregivers of aged people.
Materials and methods: In first phase, a descriptive study was performed in 400 people aged 20 years and older in Isfahan, Tehran, Shiraz, and Hamedan provinces, Iran and the second phase was carried out in 216 individuals in 2021. Professors and experts in different fields, including psychology, psychiatry, gerontology, health of aged people, and geriatrics cooperated at different stages of designing the questionnaire. Face validity, content validity index, content validity ratio, convergent validity and divergent validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of the questionnaire were assessed. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to report the data.
Results: At content validation stage, 31 items out of 70 were removed from the questionnaire. One other item was removed at internal consistency phase. In exploratory factor analysis, based on the acceptability of the factor load, 38 items were defined in 4 factors. These factors were named self-efficacy and acceptance, tolerance and controllability, responsibility and commitment, and behavioral emotion regulation, which explained 48.70% of the dispersion. Convergent validity and divergent validity were confirmed due to strong correlation between the scores of each item and its corresponding scale score (P<0.0001). The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.92 and for the scales ranged between 0.668 and 0.912.
Conclusion: Considering the validity and reliability of the questionnaire designed for investigating the resilience of in-home care givers of aged people, current findings could be used in education, research, and prevention. Families, aged people, researchers and the health researchers are among its beneficiaries.