fa استرس ادراک شده و راهبردهای مقابله‌ای عمومی و معنوی افراد در همه گیری کووید-19: یک مطالعه ترکیبی روانشناسی psychology پژوهشي-کامل Research(Original) <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">سابقه</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;"> و هدف:</span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> بیماری همه</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">گیر کووید-19 علاوه بر نگرانی</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های سلامت همگانی، اختلالات روانشناختی همچون اضطراب، ترس، افسردگی، انگ و... را نیز موجب گردیده است. </span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">مطالعه حاضر به بررسی میزان استرس ادراک شده افراد در اپیدمی کووید-19، چگونگی کاهش این استرس و همچنین به راهبردهای مقابله</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ای و میزانی که هریک در کاهش استرس موفق بوده</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">اند، پرداخته است.</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"></span></span></span><br> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">مواد و روش</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">ها:</span></span></span> <span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">این مطالعه ترکیبی(کمی-کیفی) به شیوه آنلاین بر روی 246 نفر از مردم ایران در گروه سنی 65-15 سال انجام شد. در بخش کمی، میزان استرس ادراک شده و در بخش کیفی، راهبردهای مقابله</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ای افراد از طریق سوالات بازپاسخ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های کمی توسط نرم</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">STATA</span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> و داده</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های کیفی از طریق تحلیل محتوا مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند.</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"></span></span><br> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">یافته</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">ها:</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> میزان استرس ادراک شده در کل نمونه مورد بررسی </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">در سطح متوسط می باشد (</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">56/4</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;">&plusmn;</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">56/19)</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">.</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">مطابق با نتایج تحلیل کیفی راهبردهای مقابله</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ای شامل 2 </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">درونمایه</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> مقابله عمومی و مقابله مذهبی- معنوی بودند. 67 درصد از نمونه</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ها اذعان کردند که از مقابله معنوی در شرایط استرس </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">اپیدمی<span style="color:#202020;"> کرونا استفاده کرده</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">اند.</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> میانگین میزان</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ی که هریک از راهکارهای بکار گرفته شده </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">به کاهش استرس پاسخ</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">دهندگان کمک می</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">کرد، در</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> مقیاسی از 1 تا 10 در</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> مقابله عمومی </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">(</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">61/2</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;">&plusmn;</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> <span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;">94/5)</span></span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"> و مقابله معنوی </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">(</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">19/3</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;">&plusmn;</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">06/5) </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">برآورد شد</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">، این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">دار می</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">باشد (05/0</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"><</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">). </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;background:white;"><span style="color:#212121;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(paired t-test;)</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"></span></span></span><br> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Koodak;">استنتاج:</span></span></span> <span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">درک راهبردهای مقابله</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ای افراد در بازه سنی گوناگون در هر دو جنس و آگاهی از آن</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">ها جهت بکارگیری کارآمد از استراتژی</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های مفید در برنامه</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های سلامت روان عمومی نه تنها در همه</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">گیری کووید-19 بلکه برای همه</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">گیری</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">های آینده نیز به سیاست</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">گذاران کمک می</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">‌</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">کند</span></span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:#202020;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;">.</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Zar;"></span></span></span> <strong>Background and purpose:</strong> In addition to public health concerns, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused psychological disorders such as anxiety, fear, depression, stigma, etc. The present study aimed at examining the perceived stress levels of people in COVID-19 pandemic, their coping strategies and the efficacy of each strategy in reducing stress.<br> <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> This mixed-method online survey was performed in 246 Iranians aged 15-65 years old. In quantitative part, the level of stress was assessed and in qualitative part, coping strategies were examined through open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed in STATA software and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Moderate levels of perceived stress were seen in all samples (19.56<span dir="RTL">&plusmn;</span>4.56). According to qualitative analysis, coping strategies included two themes<span dir="RTL">:</span> general coping and religious-spiritual coping<span dir="RTL">.</span> Generally, 67% of the participants reported using spiritual coping strategies during COVID-19 outbreak. The degree of efficacy of each coping strategy was estimated using a 1-10 scale which showed a significant difference between general coping (5.94<span dir="RTL">&plusmn;</span>2.61) and spiritual coping (5.06<span dir="RTL">&plusmn;</span>3.19) (P <0.05).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Understanding coping strategies used by different age groups in both sexes and using them in public mental health programs helps policymakers not only in the COVID-19 pandemic but also in future outbreaks. استرس, مقابله, معنویت, همه‌گیری, کووید-19 stress, coping, spirituality, pandemic, COVID-19 27 41 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-13832-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra Validabady زهرا ولیدآبادی validabady.z@iums.ac.ir 1003194753284600135314 1003194753284600135314 Yes MSc Student in Mental Health, Student Research Committee, School of Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سلامت روان، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی ایران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Mehrnoosh Aqdasi مهرنوش اقدسی aqdasi.m@yahoo.com 1003194753284600135315 1003194753284600135315 No MSc Student in Mental Health, Student Research Committee, School of Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سلامت روان، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی ایران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Fateme Taaki فاطمه تاکی taakifateme@gmail.com 1003194753284600135316 1003194753284600135316 No MSc Student in Mental Health, Student Research Committee, School of Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد سلامت روان، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی ایران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Nadere Memaryan نادره معماریان memaryan.n@iums.ac.ir 1003194753284600135317 1003194753284600135317 No Associate Professor, Spiritual Health Research Center, Department of Mental Health, School of Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت معنوی، گروه سلامت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی ایران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران