Volume 35, Issue 254 (3-2026)
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2026, 35(254): 108-120 |
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Rezazadeh F, Ali S, Imani F, Fahimi P, Sheikhalizadeh H. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Neuromuscular and Sensorimotor Training on Re-injury Risk and Neuromuscular Function in Patients Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2026; 35 (254) :108-120
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22417-en.html
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22417-en.html
Abstract: (101 Views)
Background and purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common sports injuries, and its reconstruction is associated with a risk of persistent functional deficits and subsequent re-injury. Neuromuscular and sensorimotor training have been proposed as promising strategies to improve neuromuscular control and reduce re-injury risk. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of these training programs in reducing the risk of re-injury and improving neuromuscular function following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in athletic populations.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, and Scopus databases. Google Scholar was also searched to identify gray literature. The search covered the period from January 1, 2015, to October 1, 2025. Of the 4,279 studies identified, 10 eligible studies were included and assessed for methodological quality using the Downs and Black checklist, and for risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The findings were synthesized narratively.
Results: Neuromuscular and sensorimotor training were associated with significant improvements in joint position sense, static and dynamic balance, muscle strength, and landing and jumping biomechanics, while reducing biomechanical risk factors (such as dynamic knee valgus). These interventions also contributed to enhanced joint stability and overall functional capacity. Multimodal training protocols incorporating cognitive–motor components within sport-specific simulated environments played a key role in preparing patients for a safe and effective return to sport.
Conclusion: Neuromuscular and sensorimotor training represent effective strategies for improving neuromuscular function and mitigating the risk of re-injury following ACL reconstruction. The integration of these interventions into structured, progressive, and comprehensive rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended as a core component of post-ACLR rehabilitation programs.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, and Scopus databases. Google Scholar was also searched to identify gray literature. The search covered the period from January 1, 2015, to October 1, 2025. Of the 4,279 studies identified, 10 eligible studies were included and assessed for methodological quality using the Downs and Black checklist, and for risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The findings were synthesized narratively.
Results: Neuromuscular and sensorimotor training were associated with significant improvements in joint position sense, static and dynamic balance, muscle strength, and landing and jumping biomechanics, while reducing biomechanical risk factors (such as dynamic knee valgus). These interventions also contributed to enhanced joint stability and overall functional capacity. Multimodal training protocols incorporating cognitive–motor components within sport-specific simulated environments played a key role in preparing patients for a safe and effective return to sport.
Conclusion: Neuromuscular and sensorimotor training represent effective strategies for improving neuromuscular function and mitigating the risk of re-injury following ACL reconstruction. The integration of these interventions into structured, progressive, and comprehensive rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended as a core component of post-ACLR rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament, ACL reconstruction, neuromuscular training, sensorimotor training, re-injury, neuromuscular function
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Sports biomechanics
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