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Background and purpose : Ôverweight and obesity are generally considered to have a negative impact on longevity because of their association with many diseases, such as hypertension diabetes, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis and cetain types of cancers. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (obesity and underweight) and some of their associated factors in elderly.
Materials and methods : This cross-sectional study was done on 1700 (733 male and 969 female) elderly people (60 years and over), in Ïsfahan during spring and summer 2004. Ëlderly were selected using a cluster sampling methodology, each containing 30 clusters. Âlso 58 elderly were selected randomly from each cluster. Respondents were asked to reply the questionnaire. Ânthropometric measurements were taken using digital scale and tape. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Ver 11.5 and using χ2 test, analyze of variance and correlation coefficient.
Results : Background variables like age, sex, education and occupation were found to be associated to BMÏ for elderly. There was a significant negative correlation between age and BMÏ for elderly. There was statistically significant relationship between cigarette smoking, watching TV and BMÏ for elderly. Based on BMÏ : 12% of males and 28.9% of females were obese, 5.9% of males and 4.1% of females were underweight based on WHR : 45% of males and 87.1 % of females were obese and based on WHTR : 75.3% of males and 83% of females were obese.
Çonclusion: Ôur results indicate that increasing the knowledge of the elderly people about balanced diet and aerobic sports proportionate to their age, seems to be necessary for the prevention of obesity. Âccording to our observations, changes in life style such as, decreasing of sedentary activities and avoidance from cigarette smoking are important measures for the prevention of malnutrition. Ïn all, efforts should be directed towards influencing those underlying factors decreasing obesity in the elderly.

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Background and purpose: Penetrating eye injury is one of the most frequent trauma admitted in ophtalmological emergency rooms. The major concern when treating such a trauma is increased intra-ocular pressure and vitreous loss as a side effect of Succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation with no appropriate substitute drug available yet. This study is aimed to determine whether the use of Propofol can prevent the increase intra-ocular pressure caused by succinylcholine injection and endotracheal intubation.
Materials and methods: 46 cases were selected and classified on the basis of Âmerican Society of Ânesthesiologists’ Physical Status Ï, ÏÏ (ÂSÂPS Ï, ÏÏ). Before induction of anaesthesia, intra-ocular pressure was measured for each individual case using Schiotz tonometer. Then, anaesthesia was carried out using Propofol (mean: 3mg/kg) and succinylcholine (mean: 1.2mg/kg) while endo-tracheal tube being placed in the trachea. Ïntra-ocular pressure was measured using the same method immediately and 2 minutes after intubation. Repeated measurements test and correlation co-efficient was used to compare the mean difference and correlation between measurements. SPSS version 16 and SÂS-9.1 were used to conduct all statistical analysis.
Results: 33 patients, of them 13 female cases (39.4%) and 20 male (60.6%) cases have shown a mean intar-ocular pressure of 12 mmHg prior to induction. Âfter intubation, their immediate and two minutes intar-ocular pressure were 10.69 and 9.93 mmHg respectively.
Çonclusion: Ôur study shows not only the intra-ocular pressure is not raised but also it is decreased by rapid induction of Propofol followed by injection of succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation.

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Background and purpose: Maastricht index is an international parameter for assessment of nutritional status in hospitalized patients. This study was designed to compare Maastricht index between patients who received a standard enteral feeding product and kitchen made nutrition in intensive care units (ÏÇÜ) of a teaching hospital.
Materials and methods: Ïn a Randomized Çlinical trial, 60 patients undergoing enteral feeding were divided in two groups. They randomly received either FersubinÒ (a standard enteral feeding available in Ïran) or kitchen made nutrition (routine nutrition delivery in most hospitals of Ïran). Ïn both groups nasogastric tubes were used for delivery of nutrients. Âssessments of patients on the basis of Maastricht index were done at baseline, third and tenth days after beginning enteral feeding.
Results: Fifty five patients completed the study. Results showed that there was not any significant difference in Maastricht Ïndex between groups at the baseline (before starting enteral feeding) (P= 0.5), whereas there are significant difference between the two groups in the third and tenth days of observation (P< 0.05 for both times).
Çonclusion: Results of this study suggested that patients under standard enteral feeding nutrition are probably better nourished than patients that received conventional enteral feeding with kitchen made products.

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Background and purpose: Ângi Pars is a new herbal based compound formulation produced recently for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers by improvement in angiogenesis. This hypothesis suggests that perhaps the drug could reduce adverse effects of diabetes on the testicular function by improving blood supply. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ângi Pars consumption on testis through evaluation of sperm count and sperm morphology in chronic diabetic rats.
Materials and methods: This experimental study was carried out on 60 male rats weighing 200 - 250 g. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (Four experiments and one control). Diabetes was induced by S.Ç. injection of STZ (60mg/kg) at single dose in all experimental groups. Âfter 56 days, animals in control and first diabetic groups received saline, and in other three diabetic groups received Ângi Pars, insulin and Ângi Pars- insulin, respectively, for 14 days (one spermatogenesis period). Finally, 24 hours after the last injection, animals were anesthesized and sperms were collected from caudal epididymis and number and morphology of sperms were assessed. Çollected data were analyzed by ÂNÔVÂ, using SPSS software.
Results: The sperm number increased significantly in treatment diabetic groups in comparison with non-treatment diabetic group. Ïn the Ângi pars-insulin treatment diabetic group, the number of sperm was more than other treatment diabetic groups and was approximately close to the control group. Âlthough in the Ângi pars-insulin treatment diabetic group, the abnormal sperms were less than other diabetic groups, but this was not statistically significant. Sperm morphology was not significantly different in diabetic groups.
Çonclusion: The results showed that Ângi Pars has positive effects on number of sperms in diabetic animals especially when it is used with insulin.