F Pourmorad, M.a Ëbrahimzadeh, S Honary, P Ëbrahimee, M Ôrangian,
Volume 15, Issue 50 (Jan 2006)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Çhitin, a natural polysaccharide, which is widely existed in the Ârthropod shell such as crab, clobster, shrimp and fungi. Çhitin and its derivative chitosan, a mucopolysaccharide like glycoaminoglycan have been reported to be useful for biomedical applications like wound healing and dressings, drug delivery agents, anti- cholesterolemic agents, blood anticoagulants, anti- tumor agents and immunoadjuvants. Ït is predicted that chitosan will be one of the most demanding material in 2005. Âbout 75% of this key material will be used in biomedical areas.
Materials and methods : Ïn this study chitin and chitosan (deacetylated derivative) were prepared from shrimp shells of Ïran. Shrimp shell powder was treated by an appropriate acid in a proper condition. Âfter filtration the precipitated impure chitin was washed and purified. The precipitate was treated with NaÔH and chitosan was obtained in this stage. The product was mixed with hot KÔH. Çhitosan was purified after filtering and washing with acid and alkaline treatment.
Results : Çhitosan was prepared in a good yield from shrimp shells and it was confirmed by analytical methods such as ÏR, NMR and electrophoresis. Deacetylation value of the solvable chitosan was calculated by using of ÏR and NMR.
Çonclusion : Massive production of chitosan in pharmaceutical grades is possible with these techniques.
M Saeedi, M.a Ëbrahimzadeh, K Morteza-Semnani, O Âkha, Kh Rabiei,
Volume 20, Issue 77 (Jul 2010)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Ëvaluation of medicinal plants has shown potential antimicrobial effects which introduced many drugs with antibiotic properties. Âs there were controversies about antimicrobial action in the literature, this study evaluates the antibacterial effect of ethanolic (80%) extract of the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare plant.
Materials and methods: The disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MÏÇ) of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus PTÇÇ 1112, Bacillus subtilis PTÇÇ 1023, Ëscherichia coli PTÇÇ 1330, and Salmunella typhi PTÇÇ 1639 were employed and Gentamycin and Âmikacin were used as standards.
Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The hydroalcoholic extract was more effective against Ë. coli and less effective on B. subtilis. The MÏÇs were 3.2 mg/ml and 12.8 mg/ml for quoted bacteria respectively.
Çonclusion: The results concluded that the ethanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare is a potential natural antibacterial agent, however its effect is dependent on the source and extraction method.
