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Showing 52 results for Adel

K Abedian, Z Shah Hosseini, M Adeli,
Volume 16, Issue 54 (Oct 2006)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most important non contagious disease with high incidence and mortality in females. It is the most commonly reported cancer and consists 18.9% of all reported cancer cases. Screening is a very important method for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Considering the important role of beliefs in performing as the most effective available method in diagnosis, this study was designed and done about the health beliefs of women towards mammography.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 400 randomly selected women above 40 years of age referring to the health service centers in Sari. Their health beliefs about mammography was assessed by a questionnaire using Champion method. The obtained data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistical methods.
Results: Majority of the women (69.5%) did not practice mammography until the time of this study but 13.9% of their first family members did it. About 55.8% of them accepted that mammography insures individuals of their breast health. About 41.6% of them believed that early diagnosis of breast cancer prevents mastectomy. The most common obstacle of mammography was the concept that lack of any mass observation in breast self examination rejects requirement for mammography. About 34.5% of the patients, agreed that breast cancer affects their job activity and 34.7% agreed that breast cancer may lead to masteatomy. Statistical analysis did not reveal any relation between the occupation of the women and their beliefs about benefit of mammography and their vulnerability to breast cancer and its severity. Statistically significant relationship was observed between the education and the concepts of the women about the benefit and barrier of mammography (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Despite positive concept, about mammography, it is not routinely performed in the society. Hence, it is recommended to encourage women to take advantage of this method for breast cancer screening and also the procedure should be free of charge for women above 40 years of age attending heath cancers.
Z Eslami Nejad , N Nik Nafs, N Saeed Adeli,
Volume 18, Issue 68 (Jan 2009)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Literature review indicates that antibiotic resistance of bacteria may be associated with the resistance to host natural immunity. In the previous study we found that: all meningococcal isolates of meningitis cases are less sensitive to typical anti-meningococcal antibiotics. In present study, the association of the above characters was analyzed in an ex-vivo “case-control” study.
Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial compared effect two dietary treatments (low glycemic index & low fat) in 46 adults, ages 18-55 years old, BMI >27,who proceed to motahary clinic in shiraz, Iran. Body weight, BMI, WHR (waist/hip ratio), fast and post-prandial Plasma lipid profile (Triacylglycerol, total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C concentration) level of obese women measured at the beginning and at the end 6 weeks.
Results: The resistance of both groups against selected sera were similar in the ratio 1:2- by SIC and SBC methods. The growth of “test” and “control” groups in the pooled sera were stopped at the ratios 1:512 and 1:1024 respectively. In SBA the population of “test” and “control” groups decreased in parallel to each other. However, the invasive (test) meningococcal strains established slower reduction in WBA.
Conclusion: Studies on the correlation between antibiotic resistance of bacteria and the resistance to the natural immunity have ended with different results. According to our experience, it seems that for ex- vivo investigation of natural immunity against meningococci the WBA is more reliable.
Zabihollah Yousefi, Aman Mohammad Gharanjik, Behnaz Amanpour, Mohsen Adeli,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (2-2012)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Finding a suitable location for the solid wastes is necessary for urban development projects. The Gonad city with a population of 131 108 people will produce 120 tons of garbage per day. This amount of wastes is buried in two temporary sites (adjacent of the river) and a permanent. Wastes leachate infiltration into the ground water river cause pollution and other environmental problems is due to wrong solid waste site selection. Aim of this study is Landfill Site Selection for solid waste of Gonbad City, based on the geomorphologic features using geographical information system (GIS). Materials and methods: In this study, the key criteria involved in the landfill site selection were identified based on area morphological characteristics. Data, including satellite imagery LandSAT ETM +, IRS, photo mosaic as Google Earth location based, topographic maps, slope, DEM, underground water depth, ways network, hydrography networks, geomorphology, geology, soils maps and wind direction data, as entry criteria were transferred to the GIS database. In the present study we used two combined technologies (remote sensing and GIS). Mathematical method of weighting was used. Then, weighting of each parameter is done based on Index Overlay. Then, after scoring data to integrate the layers and obtain the appropriate results, Index Overlay was used. Results: Initially Boolean logic, and later fuzzy logic model with user based membership functions with WLC and OWA methods, were used to site selection. Through field visits, three locations for comparison and evaluation through weighting of parameters based on Index Overlay process were selected and ultimately by doing closer studies on the selected locations and exerting appropriate weights on each of the locations, prioritize sites for sanitary landfill, were marked on the map. Finally, appropriate locations for municipal solid waste as raster pixel size of 30 x 30 m were determined. All three locations were selected for evaluation of waste disposal. According to surveys and maps of GIS, the results showed that the No. 1 location for different reasons, compared with No. 2 and the current waste disposal site, is more appropriate. Conclusion: Evaluation of Geomorphologic and topographic characteristics of the study area showed that the underground water level is a key factor in this site selection in the North East study area that in Site Number One is greater than other areas.
Zahra Kashi, Adele Bahar,
Volume 21, Issue 86 (Feb 2012)
Abstract

Abstract Hyperprolactinemia occurs along with many physiological and non-physiological factors. The most important non-physiological pathologic cause of this disorder is prolactin-secreting tumor or prolactinoma. It is one of the common causes of hypogondism and infertility in women and a common pituitary tumor in men leading to visual impairment and impotency. Dopamine agonists are effective for prolactinoma management in majority of patients even in pituitary macroadenoma cases and just few patients may require surgery. Since misdiagnosis of prolactinoma can cause mistreatment with costly drugs, precise evaluation, accurate diagnosis, understanding indications of treatment, duration of treatment and follow up are of high importance.
Maryam Zakaryaee, Shahla Sefatian, Ali-Asghar Saeedi, Hassan Nasrolahzadeh Saravi, Milad Adel,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (2-2013)
Abstract

Background and purpose: North cities in the southern Caspian Sea, especially Mazandaran and swimming beache is constantly exposed to microbial contamination that can be dangerous for swimmers and tourists health. The present study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of swimming water in the Caspian shores of Mazandaran province. Materials and methods: For reviewing the microbiological status of some swimming water of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province beach, five stations were studied i.e. Fereidoon kenar, Babolsar, Joibar and Sari during January to March 2010. Mean total coliform, aerobic bacteria, fecal streptococci and Escherichia coli were determined by standard methods. Results: Results showed that mean number of aerobic bacteria in Joibar station, in summer with 187 cfu/ml of sea water in minimum and in Sari station with 5800 cfu/ml of sea water was highest number. The lowest mean total coliforms in winter from Joibar station was less than 10 cfu/ml of sea water and maximum number with 2700 cfu/ml of sea water was reported from Sari station in autumn, minimum Escherichia coli less than 10 cfu/ml of sea water in winter from Joibar station and in the autumn with 1600 cfu/ml of sea water was the maximum number in Sari station. Conclusion: The study showed all coastal areas of the Mazandaran province were contaminated. This study indicated that the coastal waters of the Mazandaran province pollutants can be dangerous for swimmers and tourists health.
Adeleh Bahar, Zahra Zkashi, Ozra Akha,
Volume 22, Issue 90 (July 2012)
Abstract

Background and purpose: The prevalence of malignancy in thyroid nodules have been reported 1-10%. Epidemiological studies suggest that thyroid cancer incidence is rising over the last 20 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules in patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in recent decades (2003-2011) in Sari. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional, retrospective study. The results of cytology were recorded and compared with pathology results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of fine needle aspiration for prediction of malignancy were assessed. Results: The study population included 2002 patients with thyroid nodules, 210 cases were male (10.5%) and 1792 women (89.5%). Cytology results in 1598 cases (79.8%) were benign, 205(10.2 %) unsatisfactory, 53(2.6 %) suspicious and 146 (7.3 %) malignant. 217 reports of pathology results of patients with thyroidectomy were available, 153(70.5%) specimens were benign and 64 (29.5%) malignant. The sensitivity of fine needle biopsy was 81.2% and specificity, 75.1%. positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) were 63.4% and 93.5 percent respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, thyroid fine needle aspiration is still a good way to predict thyroid malignancy and the incidence of thyroid malignancy in our patients has not increased in recent decades.
Tarang Taghvaei, Adeleh Bahar, Vahid Hosseini, Iradj Maleki, Milad Kasrai,
Volume 22, Issue 98 (2-2013)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of increased liver enzymes. The world population are suffering from NAFLD (30% in IRAN, 20% - 40% in western countries, and 5% - 30% in Asia-Pacific). The prevalence of NAFLD is higher in hyperlipidemic, diabetic and obese people. This study assessed the preventive effect of sylmarin on the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in 41 patients with NAFLD referring to gastrointestinal clinics in Sari. The patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. The case group was treated with a tablet containing 140 mg silymarin twice a day for six months and the control group was given placebo for the same period. The data was analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-Square in SPSS. Results: At the end of the treatment period the improvement of steatosis in sonography was more significant in case group (P= 0.03). Liver enzymes reduced significantly in silymarin group compared to other group (P= 0.002 for ALT and P= 0.01 for AST). Conclusion: In this study sylmarin reduced the liver enzymes in the intervention group. Therefore, it could be of great benefit in the treatment of NAFLD.
Ehsan Ahmadpour, Abdolhasan Kazemi, Ahmad Daryani, Adel Spotin, Ahad Bazmani,
Volume 23, Issue 101 (6-2013)
Abstract

Genes carry instructions to make protein that affect body's cells and their physical activity. They also play an important role in the occurrence of various characteristics in the body. Recently, scientists in the new field of science known as genomics have studied the genetic instructions. Genomics deals with the discovery of all the sequences in the entire genome of organisms and is used to study the sequence, structure and function of the genome. In the parasitic infections there is a real need to genomics due to necessity of developing vaccines and new drugs (as a result of drug resistance), diagnosing infections, pathogenesis, diagnosing cell signaling, studying the unknown immunology pathways, control and prevention, and the relationship between parasite and host. Also, genomics offers novel insights into the phylogeny, parasite and host relationship, physiology, biochemistry, biology, taxonomy, etc. Considering these points, parasitology and genomics are closely related and it is necessary to use molecular techniques to achieve the aforementioned objectives.
Hadi Majidi, Adeleh Bahar, Zahra Kashi, Farshad Naghshvar, Abbas Hedayati Asl,
Volume 23, Issue 102 (7-2013)
Abstract

Background and purpose: The gold standards for diagnosis of thyroid nodules are cytology (FNA) and pathology. However, the role of ultrasonography is rising in detection and characterization of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. This study compared these two diagnostic methods to establish a complementary role for ultrasonography. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between June 2008 to October 2009. Two hundred and fifty four patients with thyroid gland nodule or nodules were evaluated by US, CFD and FNA in Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital. The collaboration between radiologist and pathologist/endocrinologist was double blind. After data acquisition we used SPSS-17 to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) for all 12 variables. We also determined cutoff point for thyroid nodule size by drawing Roc curve and measuring the cutoff point. The data was then analyzed using regression logistic analysis. Results: Frothy-four patients with inadequate cytology were excluded from the study. In the remaining 210 patients we found 191(91%) benign, 12(5.7%) suspicious and 7(3.3%) malignant nodules in cytology. All patients with malignant cytology and eight patients from twelve patients with suspicious cytology underwent surgery. After surgery and pathological study 11(5.34%) were found malignant. Malignant lesion showed higher frequency of enlarged thyroid lobe with prominent nodule (63.6 vs. 20.5% P<0.01) and blurred margin nodules than benign nodules (54 vs. 5.1% p<0.0001) Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that no single parameter could identify malignancy. We found that blurred margin and enlarged thyroid lobe with prominent nodule is the best differentiating factor between missing malignancy and benignicity.
Fatemeh Zohrehvand, Afshin Takdastan, Neamat Jaafarzadeh, Zahra Ramezani, Kambiz Ahmadi Angali, Huria Gharibi, Adel Nazarzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 118 (11-2014)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Heavy metals due to non-biodegradability and having physiological effects on living organisms are particularly important. Due to the low mobility, these elements gradually accumulate in soil and eventually enter the food chain and threaten human and other organism’s health. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of heavy metal concentrations is necessary to . The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of lead in irrigation water, soil and vegetables in farmlands lands in Ahwaz (southwest of Iran) Materials and methods: The studied vegetables were basil, radish and purslane. The sampling was performed during June to August in 2013 on water, soil and vegetable in Ahwaz farmlands. Seventy samples of vegetables were collected and analyzed by furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry according to standard methods. Also, samples of water and soil were analyzed according to standard methods. The concentration of lead in vegetables, soil and irrigation water were compared with the standard values recommended by WHO and FAO. Results: Themean concentration of lead in basil, radish and purslane were 9.7, 10.61, and11.13 mg/kg, respectively. Mean concentration of lead in water and soil were 0.47 and 10.19 mg/kg, respectively. The lead contents in vegetables were higher than standard values recommended by WHO/FAO. Conclusion: High concentration of lead in vegetables could be due to high accumulation of this metal in soil. Therefore, continues monitoring of heavy metals in soil and irrigation water of farmlands plays an important role in reducing the environmental risks threating human health.
Farshad Bahrami Asl, Majid Kermani, Mahdi Farzadkia, Ali Esrafili, Soheila Salahshour Arian, Adel Mokammel, Dariush Zeynalzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 121 (2-2015)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Antibiotics have worldwide uses and they can enter water sources through different ways. Due to their different inappropriate effects, they have created a major concern in environmental control practices. Metronidazole (MTN) is an example of these antibiotics. This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of ozonation process (SOP) in MTN removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and methods: The solution pH (3-12), reaction time and initial MTN concentration (1-40 mg/L) were investigated for their effects on efficiency of the removal process. The MTN concentration was analyzed by HPLC. Biodegradability improvement and mineralization rate were studied by BOD5/COD and TOC tests, respectively. Results: The optimum pH for SOP was 10. The best compatibility for drug degradation kinetic was found with pseudo-second order (liner type II) model. The BOD5/COD increased from 0.09 in SOP influent to 0.33 in SOP effluent and the MTN mineralization rate was about 68%. Conclusion: Higher ozone decomposition in alkaline pH increased the radical production and improved removal efficiency. Moreover, higher mineralization rate reduced the environmental risks of effluent discharges.
Adele Bahar, Majid Saeedi, Zahra Kashi, Ozra Akha, Khadijeh Rabiei, Mehdi Davoodi,
Volume 25, Issue 128 (9-2015)
Abstract

Abstract Background and purpose: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. For centuries Aleo vera has been used in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, a mixture of honey and Aloe vera was used for diabetic foot ulcer healing. Materials and methods: In a double-blind clinical trial, patients with nonischemic, noninfected diabetic foot ulcers (attending Imam Khomeini Hospital Diabetes Center, Sari, Iran) were divided into two groups, a treatment group (n= 24) and a placebo group (n=15). To compare the effect of the mixture t-test and qui square were applied. Results: A total of 39 patients (19 males and 20 females) with diabetic foot ulcers were enrolled. Mean age of the patients, mean body mass index, and mean duration of diabetes were 56.3 ±10.2, 31.2 ± 4.2, 16.2 ± 6.6, respectively which were not significantly different between the two groups. Wound size was determined using a ruler that showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.36). Debridement, offloading and washing were done for all participants. Combined gel of Aleo vera and honey was used for treatment group. Wound healing was seen in 21 (95.5%) patients in treatment group and in 11 (78.6%) patients in placebo group. Conclusion: In small, non-infected, non-ischemic ulcers the effect of honey and Aloe vera gel was the same as that of the placebo. Offloading, debridement and washing with normal saline have similar effect to the mixture in healing diabetic foot ulcers.
Ozra Akha, Adeleh Bahar, Boheireh Fooldi, Zahra Kashi,
Volume 25, Issue 128 (9-2015)
Abstract

Background and purpose: In recent years the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide. Many researchers investigated the probable effect of vitamin D on pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus but there are contradictory results. This study was designed to survey the effect of vitamin D improvement on blood glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and methods: In a controlled clinical trial, 102 patients with type II diabetes were participated whose vitamin D levels were under 15 ng/ml. They were classified into two groups moderate deficiency (10-15 ng/ml, n=48) and severe deficiency (under 10 ng/ml, n=54). Two intramuscular (IM) injections of vitamin D (300,000 IU) were administered at a one-week interval. We measured vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c, and used Homeostasis model assessment of Insulin Resistance (Homa-IR) before the treatment and after 12 weeks. Paired t-test was used to analyze the pre and post intervention results and independent t-test was applied to compare the data between the two groups. Results: In both groups there were differences in vitamin D levels before and after the treatment (P=0.0001). But no significant difference was found before and after the intervention in HbA1c, FBS and Homa-IR. According to before intervention Homa-IR, significant dicreasion in HbA1c was observed only in insulin sensitive group (P=0.01). Also Patients with atleast 0.5% decreasion in HbA1c after the treatment had higher first HbA1c than no response group (P= 0.014). Conclusion: Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with intermuscular vitamin D dose not significant effect on blood glocuse though patients with higher HbA1c and also insulin sensitive show better respons to treatment.


Zahra Kashi, Adele Bahar, Ozra Akha, Fatemeh Sharif, Mehrnoush Kosaryan, Rozita Jalalian, Mohsen Aarabi,
Volume 25, Issue 129 (10-2015)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of IHD and related factors in patients with type II DM in north of Iran. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 1021 patients with diabetes type II attending endocrine clinics affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2010 to 2012. Age, gender, history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and other recognized complications of DM were recorded. All patients were referred to cardiologist and the exercise test was used and if needed the thallium perfusion scan and coronary angiography were done for patients without history of myocardial infarction,coronary artery bypass surgery or stent placement. Results: There were 1021 patients and 907 were female (88.8%). Mean age and duration of diabetes were 54.4 (95% CI: 53.8- 55.1) and 8.8 (95% CI: 8.4 - 9.2) years, respectively. Almost 87% (95% CI: 85-89) and 53% (95% CI: 50-56) had dyslipidemia and hypertension, respectively. Among the patients, 274 patients (37% males and 25% females, 26.8% 95% CI: 24.1-29.5) were suffering from IHD (P =0.006). According to regression logistic analysis duration of diabetes, older age, hypertension, and low left ventricular ejection fraction were independent predictor factors for IHD. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of diabetic patients are suffering from IHD. This disorder can be asymptomatic in individuals with diabetes, therefore, it may not be diagnosed in almost half of patients. Most important associated factors are older age, duration of diabetes, hypertension and low left ventricular ejection fraction.
Zahra Kashi, Zohreh Ehsani, Avideh Maboodi, Adele Bahar, Nadia Rezai,
Volume 25, Issue 131 (12-2015)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the main complications in pregnancy.  Periodontitis associated with increase in inflammatory factors is a risk factor in pregnancy. In this study we investigated the relation between periodontitis and related inflammatory mediators and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 singleton pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 100 singleton pregnant women with normal glucose level (gestational age >20 weeks) were included. The patients underwent dental examinations and those with periodontitis and gingivitis were identified. Blood samples were taken and ESR and hsCRP were measured in all patients. Data was analyzed in SPSS applying independent t-test and qui square.

Results: The prevalence of periodontitis in patients and controls were 36% and 28%, respectively (P= 0.22). All periodontitis were moderate and no severe periodontitis was observed. Gingivitis was seen in both pregnant women with diabetes (74%) and control patients (83%) (P= 0.12). Among the subjects 18% of patients and 22% of the control group had severe gingivitis while others had moderate to mild gingivitis (P= 0.45). Dental plaques were seen in 73% of pregnant women with diabetes and 91% of the control group (P= 0.01). No significant relationship was seen in inflammatory mediators between the individuals with/without periodontitis and gingivitis.

Conclusion: In this study, no relationship was found between gestational diabetes, gingivitis, severity of gingivitis, periodontitis, and inflammatory markers. According to the lower levels of dental plaque in pregnant women with gestational diabetes other reasons rather than poor oral hygiene are believed to be involved. Due to higher false positive estimation of probing depth caused by gingival hypertrophy in pregnancy, more precise criteria are needed to investigate periodontitis in pregnant women.


Maryam Mobini, Zahra Kashi, Akha, Soghra Khani, Adele Bahar,
Volume 25, Issue 133 (2-2016)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone. It plays an important role in bone metabolism and neuromuscular function. It is mainly synthesis from converting 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol on skin with exposure to sunlight. This study aimed at comparing the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D after taking parenteral and oral vitamin D in patients with vitamin D insufficiency.

Materials and methods: This historical cohort study was done in 400 patients with vitamin D insufficiency attending Rheumatology and Endocrinology clinics in Sari, 2013-2014. The patients were treated either by vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) orally (control group) or injection (case group).

Results: The patients were 333 females (83%) and 67 males (16.8%). Two hundred forty four patients received intramuscular (IM) and 158 received oral vitamin D3. The mean serum levels of 25 (OH) D before and after the intervention in oral group were 17.16 ± 0.39 and 43.02 ± 0.48 ng/ml, respectively (P <0.010) and in IM group were 17.71± 0.32 and 41.72± 1.20 ng/ml, respectively
(P< 0.001). The mean serum levels of 25 (OH) D before and after the intervention were not significantly different between the two groups (P= 0.48).

Conclusion: Administration of oral or injectable vitamin D led to increase in 25 (OH) D levels, but there were no difference in terms of the effects or compilations. According to the requirements and wishes of the patients either the oral or injectable form could be administered for prevention or treatment.


Mamak Adel, Pardis Pourrousta, Masoud Sharifi, Amir Javadi, Pouria Falah-Abed, Nafiseh Rahmani,
Volume 26, Issue 138 (June 2016)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Mechanical and chemical canal preparations are not capable of eliminating all microorganisms from dentinal tubules, so using medical intervention is necessary to fulfill this task. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of Carvacrol and Calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in different layers of dentin and different time intervals.

Materials and methods: An experimental study was performed in which 70 upper anterior single-rooted teeth were extracted and after separating middle of roots, the inner diameter of canals was equalized. After sterilization the specimens were subjected to Enterococcus faecalis suspension and then randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and one control group including 10 samples. Carvacrol was placed in canals for 5 minutes, 48 hours and one week and Calcium hydroxide was placed in canals for one week. Finally, dentinal debris obtained from canal preparation were incubated in culture medium and presence of Enterococcus faecalis was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test in SPSS.

Results: In the inner layer of dentin, success rate of Enterococcus faecalis elimination was 100% for Carvacrol at all time intervals and 80% for Calcium hydroxide after one week. In the middle layer of dentin, the success rate of Carvacrol was 93% after 5 minutes and 87% after 48 hours and one week, but success rate of Calcium hydroxide after one week was 73%. There were no significant differences in antimicrobial effect between the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Carvacrol can eliminate Enterococcus faecalis in shorter time intervals compared with Calcium hydroxide.


Afshin Takdastan, Adel Nazarzadeh, Nagmeh Oroogi, Parviz Javanmardi,
Volume 26, Issue 139 (8-2016)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Estrogen is a steroid hormone that enters water sources through urban and hospital waste water and is a serious threat to aquatic organisms, especially fish, and human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of municipal and hospital waste water treatment, especially biological treatment in removal of estrogenic compounds.

Materials and methods: Estrogens in aqueous samples were determined by tracking. Fifty six samples were obtained from various locations in Ahwaz municipal wastewater treatment plant and hospital waste water treatment facilities within 8 months. The samples were analyzed using Electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The results were reported in units of ng/L.

Results: The average influent and effluent hormone levels in municipal wastewater treatment plant were 58.8 ng/ L and 5.4 ng/L, respectively. In hospital treatment plant the average influent estrogen level was 61.8 ng/L and the average effluent level was 10.8 is ng/L. The results showed that biological treatment using activated sludge can remove significant amounts of estrogen and could reduce its level to a value lower than international standards.

Conclusion: The removal mechanism of estrogen in biological treatment system, especially activated sludge are adsorption and biological degradation. Secondary treatment of wastewater is effective in reducing hormones that could be due to wastewater biological treatment.


Khadijeh Nasiriani, Adel Eftekhari,
Volume 26, Issue 142 (11-2016)
Abstract

Background and purpose: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder in hemodialysis patients. These symptoms cause distress and disability during rest, discomfort, stress and weakness, with secondary effects on performance, disruption of work and family life. This study investigated the effect of heat wrap on the severity of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and methods: A quasi-experiment (before-after design) was conducted in 40 RLS patients who were randomly selected from hemodialysis departments in three hospitals in Yazd, Iran. The restless leg syndrome International questionnaire was completed by patients before and after using hot water bags. Data analysis was done in SPSS V. 17 applying descriptive statistics and Chi-square. P> 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Most of the patients were ≥ 60 years of age (64%). 61.5% had been on dialysis for one to five years. The severity of symptoms were in moderate level before and after the intervention (69.5% and 61%, respectively). The mean score for RLS was found to be significantly different before and after the intervention (P= 0.000).

Conclusion: Application of hot water bag is suggested as an effective, safe, and low cost method that could be easily used by patients and their caregivers to reduce the severity of RLS in hemodialysis patients.


Zahra Kashi, Atieh Makhloug, Ozra Akha, Adele Bahar,
Volume 26, Issue 142 (11-2016)
Abstract

Gordon syndrome is a familial autosomal dominant syndrome with hyperkalemia, increased extracellular volume, hypertension, normal kidney function, and metabolic acidosis. It is also called type II Pseudohypoaldosteronism due to usually normal aldosterone and low renin levels. In this report a 35 years old woman is presented with 2-year history of hypertension, eclampsia, and fetal death. Laboratory tests showed hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. After evaluation, thiazide was administrated according to Gordon syndrome diagnosis. Interestingly, after reciving low dose of hydrochlorothiazide the patient had a successful full term pregnancy and a healthy baby. In patients with high blood pressure and hyperkalemia and Gordon syndrome can control blood pressure and hyperkalemia well with low dose thiazide and have healthy pregnancy without materno - fetal complication



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