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Abstract Background and purpose: Different concerns in attaining maternal role have negative effects on mother-infant interaction and maternal perception of infant temperament. It also leads to adverse maternal and child outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify women at-risk, their sources of concern and designing appropriate interventions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of early parental-educational intervention on concerns of primiparous women in performing maternal role. Materials and methods: A pretest/posttest experimental design was applied including a control group. The participants were 55 primiparous women attending Mashhad health centers that were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of face to face training sessions, informative booklet and video and two sessions of telephone counseling, that was based on principles of Bandura's self-efficacy. Cambridge Worry Scale was also completed before and 60 days after child birth. Results: The main concerns were the child's future health (4.01±1.01) and current health (3.81±1.19). There was a significant difference between the intervention (28.0±1.8) and control group (33.5±8.3) in the mean score for maternal worry before the intervention (P=0.017). Analysis of covariance showed that the mean score of worry was significantly lower in the intervention group when the effect of pre-intervention worry score was eliminated (P=0.008). Conclusion: Identifying the sources of concern and designing educational interventions based on self-efficacy would positively influence these factors and reduce maternal worry. Therefore, this approach is recommended as an effective, low cost and non-invasive intervention to reduce psychological problems in primiparous women.

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Background and purpose: Sexual health is a vital part of the life of infertile couples and is influenced by many factors. The psychological consequences of infertility can negatively affect sexual function. Several medical societies have strongly recommended psychological interventions, including counseling and education, to help infertile couples. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sexual counseling and education approaches on improving the sexual function of infertile women in Iran.
Materials and methods: The present systematic review, conducted based on the PRISMA guide, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, web of Sciences, Magiran, and SID databases, was searched until April 2023 by English and Persian languages. All randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of educational or counseling interventions on improving the sexual function of infertile women in Iran were included in this review. The outcome measure was the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).
Results: From a total of 365 studies found through the search, 13 randomized clinical trials involving 693 infertile women were systematically reviewed. According to the review of studies, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, sexual health model, PLISSIT model, BETTER model, communication skills training, and transactional analysis therapy have been used in the field of improving the sexual function of infertile women.
Conclusion: Counseling and sexual education approaches improve sexual performance. But according to the type of counseling or education, the improvement of sexual function dimensions is different. It is suggested that more studies be conducted in the future in the field of comparing these approaches with each other and their long-term effects on infertile women in Iran.