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Background and purpose: loss of father or being handicapped is a major stressor and can increase mental disorders in children. This research was designed to study the comparison of some mental disorders like attention deficit, hyperactive disorder (ÂD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder (ÔDD), conduct disorder (ÇD), generalized anxiety disorder (GÂD). dysthymia disorder (DD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) in children of fatherless, martyred, veteran, and ordinary (7-12 years old).
Materials and methods: This research is a retrospective study about mental disorders which is done on children of 591 martyred, deprived, veteran and ordinary children in order to have comparitive study of mental disorders. Tools of study includes questionnaries on personal features and questionnaire of children disorder symptom. ÇSÏ-4 statistical analysis were done by t-tests, variasion analysis and shefeh.
Results : Ôbtained results indicate that there is significant difference related to psychological disorders among 4 groups under study (P<0.001). Â comparison between fatherless, martyred’s veteran’s and children revealed that, fatherless and marhyred’s children suffer more from pychological disorders compared to the veteran’s children (P<0.05). Âlso psychological disorders were observed more in fatherless children than martyred’s children (P<0.05). Martyred’s children had more psychological disorders than veteran’s children (P<0.05). The results obtained based on the regression variasion showed some variables in all of the groups under study, (martyred’s veteran’s and fatherless) boys suffered more than girls (P<0.01). Ïn other words, boys are more susceptible to various psychological disorders (ÔR=1.42). Âlso results showed that, in the low economical condition families, children are more at risk of having psychological disorders (ÔR=1.48).
Çonclusion: Çonsidering the rate of psychological disorders among children of martyred, fatherless and veteran as compared to the children from ordinary families, and presence of higher rate of psychological disorders in the father less children as compared to the children of veterans, and presence of higher rate of psychological disorders in fatherless children as compared to the martyred’s children, it is necessary that the hygienic and treatment programmers of the society pay more attention to the primary and secondary prevention of health and hygiene of children from such families.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of spouse abuse among students in the Ïslamic Âzad Üniversity of Tonekabon. Âll married students in different departments completed the spouse Âbuse Questionnaire (n=327). The results showed that 306 students (255 female and 51 male) reported having experienced of some types of abuses. 299 (91%) of the cases reported emotional abuse, 180 (55%) physical abuse and 138 (42%) of the students reported sexual abuse. The results showed that 16.6% of male reported emotional and physical abuse, 16.8% sexual and emotional abuse and 19.5% physical and sexual abuse. Âlso, 253 (83.4%) of female reported physical and emotional abuse, 251 (83.2%) physical and emotional and 173 (80.5%) sexual and physical abuse. The results also showed that males commited more spouse abuse than females (P<0.05). in addition, there was a relation between addiction and spouse abuse (P<0.001) and spouse abuse was more frequent among young couples (P<0.01). Ït was found that spouse abuse was more frequent in early years of marrieage (P<0.05) and decreased with higher education. There was no significant relationship betweeb spouse abuse and the number of children, illness, income, and employment status.

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Background and purpose: Fatigue is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Available fatigue measurement tools evaluate severity or impact of fatigue and none of them can be used to guide therapists on planning fatigue management interventions. Comprehensive Fatigue Assessment Battery for Multiple Sclerosis (CFAB-MS), in addition to assessment of the fatigue, evaluates factors related to fatigue, including sleep, pain, mobility, stress, anxiety, mood and fatigue management skills. The aim of this study was to translate the tool into Persian, adapt it culturally and establish validity of this measure in people with MS in Iran.

Materials and methods: After a forward-backward translation using the International Quality of Life Assessment process, the Persian-CFAB-MS was administered to 60 people with MS. The content validity and face validity of the tool was assessed by 10 therapists. Construct validity was assessed by measuring the associations between score of the Persian-CFAB-MS and  Modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and WALK-12. Data was then analyzed using SPSS (version 20).

Results: From the view of 10 therapists who were experts in MS, all items of the Persian-CFAB-MS were understandable and culturally acceptable to Iranians. As hypothesized the scores were significantly correlated with MFIS, HADS, PSQI, SF-MPQ and WALK-12 (ranging from 0.470 to 0.863, P<0.001), and showed satisfactory to excellent validity.

Conclusion: The results illustrated evidence to support validity of the Persian-CFAB-MS in studying the reasons for fatigue in patients with MS.