Showing 3 results for Ghezelsofla
Laleh Karimzadeh, Ebrahim Salehifar, Narges Mazloomi, Mohammadhosein Esfahanizadeh, Hashem Ghezelsofla, Adele Rafati, Fatemeh Khaleghi,
Volume 32, Issue 218 (3-2023)
Abstract
Consumption of thousands of tons of industrial chemicals in agriculture, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, has created significant environmental problems. The regulations for the import, production, formulation, and utilization of chemical, biological and organic fertilizers and pesticides are not completely implemented in Iran. According to the latest notification of the Jihad Agriculture Minister entitled "Instructions for monitoring the production and health promotion of plant products" (1095/020-06/04/2022), the Ministry of Health is the body responsible for investigating and monitoring the remaining of chemical compounds (pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators, plant hormones, nitrates, and heavy metals). Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Food and Drug Deputy in collaboration with Research and Technology Deputy, The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences Food and Drug Organization, Provincial Agricultural Jihad Organization, Provincial Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Organization of Iran, Iran National Standards Organization, and Environment Protection Agency aim at regulating the utilization of chemical pesticides in agricultural products (strategic products) in Mazandaran province to control the consumption of pesticides in agricultural products and minimize their potential risk to human health and the environment. The main solutions include generating QR Code in the integrated electronic services system of the Organization of Agricultural Engineering and Natural Resources and issuing certificates for product improvement in the Electronic Agricultural Permits System in order to register plant products in production units.
Laleh Karimzadeh, Ebrahim Salehifar, Mohammadhosein Esfahanizadeh, Hashem Ghezelsofla, Keyvan Mahdavi Mashaki, Esmaeil Babanezhad, Narges Mazloomi,
Volume 34, Issue 236 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background and purpose: The employment of pesticides for the prevention, elimination, and reduction of pests detrimental to agricultural products throughout various stages of crop cultivation is essential for improving the health of these products; nevertheless, pests remain a critical factor in the degradation and destruction of agricultural goods, posing a threat to food security. Even though the deployment of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in modern agricultural practices considerably boosts agricultural output. However, it should be noted that excessive and inappropriate use of pesticides in agricultural product production and failure to consider factors affecting their residue levels can result in pesticide residues in these products exceeding the maximum allowable limit set by national and international standards (Maximum Residue Limit), which is considered a risk factor for human health and environmental pollution. Due to the increasingly widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, this issue has become a significant topic in food safety. Despite various methods being used to assess the potential risks of pesticides to human health and the environment and to control their consumption, efforts to reduce the use of pest control poisons to minimize the risk to human health and the environment remain challenging and a valuable goal. Additionally, since rice is considered a major source of energy supply, studying pesticide residues in rice to protect consumer health is always significant. As this product is considered a strategic product in Mazandaran province, this research was conducted to examine the level of pesticide residues in rice produced in Mazandaran province.
Materials and methods: In the cross-sectional residues of pesticides in the rice produced in Sari County in areas where the type, and method of pesticide use are monitored by the Agricultural Jihad Organization, the Agricultural Research Center, and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province were investigated. In this study, 15 samples of rice were examined. Each sample of about 1 kilogram of each product was transferred to the Food Control Laboratory of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius, and the consumption and residue levels of consumed toxins were identified using the GC-MS method. 200 types of pesticides, which were recognized as authorized and unauthorized pesticides for use in rice according to the national monitoring report of the Food and Drug Organization and ISIRI, were selected and their residues were evaluated.
Results: The analysis results of 15 samples of rice from monitored areas in Sari County showed that none of the 200 types of authorized and unauthorized pesticides had any residue in the products under investigation.
Conclusion: Although no pesticide residues were observed in the present study, it should be noted that pesticide residues in the bran of the samples under investigation were not evaluated. Considering that bran enters the human food chain through animal feed, controlled pesticide consumption can still have indirect effects on human health and food intake. Also, in the cultivation of the above products, pesticides have been used, which in controlled amounts can contaminate soil and water. Given the emphasis on reducing pesticide consumption and replacing it with Integrated Crop Management (ICM) methods, the goal of this research and practitioners is to continue to educate and support farmers to move towards ICM in the next stages, taking a higher step toward human health, environmental preservation, and reducing costs associated with pesticide use.
Narges Mazloomi, Ebrahim Salehifar, Mohammadhosein Esfahanizadeh, Hashem Ghezelsofla, Keyvan Mahdavi Mashaki, Esmaeil Babanezhad, Laleh Karimzadeh,
Volume 34, Issue 236 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Today, ensuring food security for the inhabitants of the earth, and preserving agricultural production from destruction due to drought, pests, and diseases, seems more necessary than ever. Farmers across the world are forced to use various pesticides to combat factors that reduce production, but these toxins not only remain on the surface of the products but also penetrate the tissues of fruits, vegetables, and even grains. Although washing fruits or peeling them can be effective in reducing surface contamination of pesticides, removing their toxic effects from the internal tissues of fruits is almost impossible. In such a way most agricultural products that have been exposed to pesticides and are presented to the market shortly after spraying contain pesticide residues. Although the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in modern agriculture significantly increases agricultural products, it should be noted that excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production leads to higher levels of pesticide residues in agricultural products exceeding the Maximum Residue Limit, which is considered a risk factor for human health and environmental pollution. The negative effects of chemical toxins on health include various types of cancers, neurological diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, failures, fetal diseases, genetic problems, and harmful effects on the environment such as pest resistance, their dominance, and the disappearance of beneficial insects. Considering that citrus fruits are considered a strategic product in Mazandaran province, this research was conducted to investigate the level of pesticide residues in citrus orchards in Sari County.
Materials and methods: The residues of pesticides in the citrus fruits produced in Sari county were investigated in areas monitored by the Agricultural Jihad Organization, the Agricultural Research Center, and Natural Resources of Mazandaran province, to control the type, method of pesticide use, and observing the withholding period. In this study, 15 oranges fruit samples were examined. Each sample was approximately 1 kilogram of each product, which was transferred to the food control laboratory of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius. The samples were prepared using the QuEChERS method. The consumption and residue levels of pesticides were identified using the GC-MS method. The Food and Drug Organization and the National Standard Organization of Iran (ISIRI) declared 200 types of pesticides as the most commonly used pesticides in citrus orchards, which were evaluated for their residues in this research.
Results: Totally, 3 types of pesticides including Chlorpyrifos, Ethion (Class II), and Pyriproxyfen (Class U) were identified, with Chlorpyrifos being the most commonly used. None of the identified pesticides belonged to Class Ia or Class Ib. Among the identified pesticides, the residue of Ethion exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by ISIRI.
Conclusion: Given the role of pesticides in food safety and environmental pollution, efforts to reduce the use of pest control poisons to minimize the risk to human health and the environment remain challenging and a valuable goal. Although monitoring of production by executive organizations has led to a significant reduction in pesticide consumption, in some cases, residues higher than the permissible limit are still observed. Also, it should be noted that pesticide residues can become environmental pollutants by entering the soil and water. Therefore, along with increasing farmers' awareness, the expansion, substitution, and implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are still significant for environmental preservation and cost reduction.
