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Background and purpose: Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common diseases encountered by urologists. Ureteral re-implant has been the only method of surgery for VUR correction. In recent years endoscopic injection of several agents (bulking agents) has been proposed as a treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic subureteric injection of total blood nucleated cells and platelet.

Materials and methods: A clinical trial was done in 17 patients with VUR aging 18-35 years old in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, Iran, 2012-2015. The participants were randomly selected and placed under endoscopic injection following voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Three months later the patients were evaluated using clinical findings, urine culture and VCUG. If the VUR persisted, the second injection was performed three months after the first one.

Results: There were 17 patients including 13 females and 4 males, mean age 22.8 ± 4.9 years. The procedure achieved success in 89% of renal units after the first injection and 94% after the second one. We observed no major complications.

Conclusion: Our pilot interventional clinical trial showed that endoscopic injection of total blood nucleated cells and platelets is an effective method for treatment of VUR in adult patients.  

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 Background and purpose: Tympanostomy surgery and ventilation tube (VT) placement are reliable methods to reduce the complications of eustachian tube dysfunction and inadequate middle ear ventilation. However, tympanostomy is associated with some complications. This study aimed to investigate the frequency distribution of tympanostomy surgery, success rate, its complications and the demographic characteristics of patients during 2011-2017 in Sari, Iran.
Materials and methods: This retrospective descriptive study was performed using data from the records of 512 patients who underwent VT surgery in Sari during 2011-2017. A checklist was used to collect the data and SPSS V24 was used for data analysis.
Results: The most common complaint at the time of referral was hearing loss (38.3%). In 79%, bilateral VT was performed and 6.5% had complications after the operation. The most common complication was purulent otorrhea (4.1%). Postoperative success rate of VT was found to be 93%.
Conclusion: Given the high success rate of VT surgery, this procedure could be a good method in treatment of hearing loss, acute recurrent middle ear infections, and the adverse effects of tonsillitis and allergy on middle ear.