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Evaluation of Faculty Members’ and Students’ Attitude Towards Ambulatory Teaching Quality
Gh.a Khorasani, M Mahmoudi, K Vahidshahi, L Shahbaznejad, M Ghafari,
Volume 17, Issue 58 (May 2007)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Ambulatory medicine is one of the most important parts of medical education. Due to its profound relation with professional future of physicians, ambulatory medicine is especially under attention and many studies have been performed to survey its quality and to design some ways to promote it. There is obvious deficiency in our evidence about ambulatory medicine. The aim of this study was to survey the quality of teaching of the ambulatory medicine from the viewpoint of the faculty members and students of medical faculty of Mazandaran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study's population consisted of students, residents and clinical faculty members who were included by simple sampling. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire with 22 questions about demographic and educational variables as well as respondents’ opinions about environmental conditions, independent activities, instructors’ supervision, and social training in the ambulatory clinics. The validity of the questionnaire was controlled by content validity with expertise consultation, and its reliability was controlled by test-retest(r=0.85). Data were analyzed using spss13 software.
Results: Response rate was 79%, the mean age of 36 faculties was 43.6+- 8.7 years and 32% of them were female. The mean age of 146 students was 25+-3.6 years and 61% were female. The attitude of the majority of the students (88.3%) towards the quality of ambulatory teaching was negative, but majority of faculties (66.7%) had positive attitudes. There was no significant difference among teaching departments. Attitude of junior trainees was even worse. Attitude of faculty members and students was similar towards inappropriate physical environment of ambulatory clinics, but it was significantly different from independent activities of trainees in clinics (p=0.000) relational drugs prescription (p=0.000) management (p=0.004), and supervision of faculty members (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The overall attitudes towards the current condition of ambulatory teaching (especially trainees) were negative because of the impossibility of independent activities for trainees, low supervision of faculties, absence of teaching for rational drug prescription, differential diagnosis and management.
Incidental Breast Cancer in Reduction Mammaplasty Specimen A Case Report
Gh.a Khorasani , M Asadi , Z Yazdanazd,
Volume 17, Issue 58 (May 2007)
Abstract
Reduction mammaplasty is increasingly used for the treatment of discomfort associated with macromastia. Breast cancer is a tumor with the highest prevalence and incidence in women. As it can be expected, reduction mammaplasty specimens occasionally reveal breast cancer. So, before reduction mammaplasty, patients should be assessed for breast cancer risk and evaluated by physical examination and mammography. We report here the discovery of breast cancer in specimens from a patient who underwent elective breast reduction. Preoperative mammography showed no evidence of malignancy. But, final pathologic evaluation of reduction specimens revealed foci of “invasive ductal carcinoma” on the left side, therefore the patient underwent modified radical mastectomy. In conclusion, thorough preoperative clinical examination and mammography may reduce the rate of incidentally discovered cancer during reduction mammaplasty procedures. Pathologic examination of RM specimens is imperative, and sending all of them for pathologist is mandatory. These recommendations emphasize breast reduction as an opportunity for detection of occult potential fatal disease in higher risk groups.
Causes of Burns and Their Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized in the Burn Division of Zare Hospital 2006-2007
Gh.a Khorasani, E Salehifar, G Eslami,
Volume 17, Issue 61 (Sep 2007)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It has been reported that the cause of burn is an important factor in the determination of prognosis and outcome. Due to different results of various centers, we conducted this study to determine the relationship between cause of burn and outcomes including rate of infection, costs and mortality in Zare Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study, has been preformed on 113 patients from September 2006 to April 2007. The inclusion criteria were ages more than 10 years old and partial thickness or full thickness burn. Based on the clinical situation of patients, appropriate samples, such as swab, tissue biopsy, urine, blood and sputum were obtained. The relationship between cause of burns and different variables, including demographic data, infections, costs and mortality have been assessed by Chi-square test.
Results: Flame injury was the most common type of burn (53.2% cases). Burn percent and days stayed in the hospital were 30.6 ± 21.2% and 21.6 ± 11.9 days, respectively. These variables were significantly higher in the patients with flame injury. The mean antibiotics and total cost of patients were 9834102 ± 11818945 and 24301863 ± 18872089 Rials. Electricity was the cause of burns in 11.5% of patients. The overall mortality was 29.3%. However, It was significantly different in patients with various causes of burns.
Conclusion: Inappropriate outcomes in patients with flame injury were much severe and more common than other causes. There was a relationship between the cause of burn and demographic and psychosocial variables such as sex, marital status, residency, educational state, suicide intent and past medical history of patients.
Function of Board of Trustees in Iranian State Medical Sciences Universities during Five Periods (1991 to 2016)
Hosein Jalahi, Abasalt Khorasani, Mohammad Yamani Douzi Sorkhabi, Mahmood Moosazadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 164 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hierarchical decision-making bodies in universities include the board of trustees, the head of university, the board of directors, and the university council. The aim of this research was to determine the function of the board of trustees of state medical sciences universities in Iran during five different periods; 1991 to 2016.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic research we investigated all the directives approved by independent board of trustees in state medical sciences universities affiliated with Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education in five periods.
Results: The number of meetings held by board of trustees in 47 universities (average of 37 universities per year) was 1999 in which 32680 directives approved. The average number of meetings per year in each board of trustees was 2.08, the lowest was in the second period (1.12) and the highest was in the fifth period (3.04). The average numbers of directives approved in the first and second periods were 10, and in the third, fourth, and fifth periods were 17, 20, and 16 per session, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the number of meetings per year and the number of directives approved in every meeting, the function of board of trustees from the highest to the lowest was in the fourth, fifth, third, first, and second periods. Compared with the function of type 1 and type 2 universities, the function of type 3 universities was found to be higher. The functional pattern in most tasks and those within the authority of board of trustees during the first 16 years was considerably different between the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Challenges of Using the Words "Khatar" and "Mokhatereh" in Different Scientific Fields in Persian language
Iman Farahi-Ashtiani, Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh, Meysam Safi-Keykaleh, Reaza Gholamnia, Hamid Safarpour,
Volume 30, Issue 192 (1-2021)
Abstract
 
چالش های استفاده از لغات "مخاطره" و "خطر"
در دو حوزه علمی در زبان فارسی
 
ایمان فرهی آشتیانی1     
داود خراسانی زواره2    
 میثم صفی کیکله3     
رضا غلام نیا4 
    حمید صفرپور5     
 
 
 
Challenges of Using the Words "Khatar" and "Mokhatereh" in Different Scientific Fields in Persian language
 
 
Iman Farahi-Ashtiani1,
Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh2,
Meysam Safi-keykaleh3,
Reaza Gholamnia4,
Hamid Safarpour5
 
1 PhD Student in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Malayer School of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 PhD in Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
 
 
 
سردبیر محترم
 
با توجه به تعاریف متفاوتی که در خصوص لغات "مخاطره" و "خطر" در دیسیپلین‌های مختلف وجود دارد، در این مقاله نویسندگان بر آن شدند تا به دلیل وجود لغات مشترک معنا شده در رشته‌های نزدیک
به هم شامل ایمنی صنعتی، HSE (سلامت، ایمنی و محیط‌زیست) (Health, Safety and Environment) و سلامت در حوادث و بلایا به معنای عمیق این مفاهیم بپردازند، بنابراین به دلیل وجود لغات عربی زیاد در زبان فارسی و نبود جایگزین برای آن‌ها، به معناشناسی در زبان عربی پرداخته شد. در رشته HSE و ایمنی صنعتی، Hazard به معنای خطر، برگردان‌شده است اما در رشته سلامت در حوادث و بلایا این لغت با مخاطره بیان می‌شود. همچنین لغت Risk در رشته سلامت در بلایا به‌عنوان خطر در نظر گرفته‌شده است ولی این لغت در
 
 
 

مولف مسئول: داود خراسانی زواره- تهران: دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران                                                 davoud.khorasani@gmail.com E-mail:
1. دانشجو دکتری سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2. استاد، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت محیط کار، گروه سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3. دکترای سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران
4. دانشیار، گروه سلامت، ایمنی و محیط‌زیست، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
5. دکترای سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام ، ایلام ، ایران
E تاریخ دریافت : 6/3/1399            تاریخ ارجاع جهت اصلاحات :13/3/1399             تاریخ تصویب : 2/4/1399
 
رشته‌های HSE و ایمنی صنعتی معادل فارسی ندارد و همان لغت ریسک بیان می‌شود. Hazard در ایمنی صنعتی (HSE) و Risk در سلامت در حوادث و بلایا با یک عنوان در ایران نامیده می‌شوند به عبارتی در لفظ، هر دو آن را خطر خطاب می‌کنند. حال واقعا لفظ صحیـح کـدام است؟ بـرای ایـن موضـوع استانداردهـای مختلفی در زمینه HSE مطالعه شد که می‌توان به ISO 450011، ANSI2، و بخش‌های تعریفی ILO3 اشاره کرد. درحوزه سلامت در حوادث و بلایا نیز به UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction 4 رجوع شد. همچنین برای یافتن مترادف‌های عربی به ترجمه عربی UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction در سایت UNISDR مراجعه شد. در ادامه برای فهم معنای لغات عربی در باب‌های گوناگون، سایت آموزشی تبیان مطالعه شد. در نهایت بیان این نکته ضروری است که مفهوم، از لحاظ انگلیسی در دو رشته کاملا درک شده و صحیح به‌کار می‌رود اما اسم انتخاب‌شده ازلحاظ معناشناسی عربی- فارسی دریکی از این دو رشته تا این زمان اشتباه بوده است. برای این منظور این لغات را در باب‌های عربی مرور می‌کنیم.
خطر بر وزن فعل است که در زبان عربی ریشه نام دارد. ریشه‌ها در زبان عربی به معنای پتانسیل داشتن آن مورد هستند.
بر اساس این موضوع می‌توان "خطر" را به معنای پتانسیل داشتن آن دانست اما "مخاطره" در باب مفاعله است مفاعله خود "مصدر" است و این وزن در برگرداندن به فارسی یعنی انتقال فعل از موضع اول یا نفر اول به نفر دوم و یا موضع دوم یعنی "از به"، بنابراین مخاطره یعنی خطر را انتقال دادن و یا به وجود آوردن و از حالت پتانسیل بودن خارج کردن. همچنین اخطار نیز مصدری بر وزن افعال است که به معنی انتشار و آگاه‌سازی فعل است یعنی اخطار نیز به معنی هشدار و بیان وجود خطر است(1). در گام بعدی به ترتیب به معنی فارسی لغات Hazard و Risk براساسISO 45001 برای رشتهHSE و ایمنی‌صنعتی و تعریف UNISDR برای رشته سلامت در بلایا می‌پردازیم.
Hazard: منبع با پتانسیل آسیب رساندن که سبب جراحت و یا بیماری شود(2).
Risk: به حاصل‌ضرب احتمال یک رویداد خطرناک در شدت آن(2).
Hazard: یک پدیده خطرناک، ماده، فعالیت انسانی و یا شرایطی که می‌تواند باعث مرگ، جراحت و یا سایر اثرات بر سلامتی شود و یا امکان آسیب به تجهیزات و دارایی‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی و یا محیط زیستی را عامل شود(3).
Risk: ترکیب احتمال یک رویداد و اثرات منفی آن(3).
می‌توان نتیجه گرفت مفهوم دو لغت در دو رشته کاملاً یکسان است. اما بر اساس معناشناسی عربی و با توجه به تعاریف این دو لغت در دو رشته می‌توان به این نکته رسید که معادل صحیح فارسی لغت Hazard کلمه "خطر" و معادل صحیح واژه Risk لغت " مخاطره" است؛ اما ترجمه عربی منتشرشده به زبان عربی در
سایت UNISDR نیز می‌تواند گواهی بر صحت این موضوع باشد(4) که تابه‌حال تمامی عزیزان رشته سلامت در بلایا معادل فارسی جابجای این لغات را استفاده می‌کردند.
لذا پیشنهاد مؤلفین آن است که در تمامی مستندات و استانداردهای موجود اعم از کتب، دستورالعمل‌ها و آیین‌نامه‌های منتشرشده در ایران در رشته سلامت در بلایا این دو لغت ترجمه شده جابجا گردد و در رشته‌های ایمنی صنعتی و HSE نیز به‌جای کاربرد لغت ریسک از مخاطره استفاده شود.
 
 
 
 

1. International Organization for Standardization
2. American National Standards Institute
3. International Labor Organization
4. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
References
 
  1. Arabic education [Internet]. Tebyan. 2020. Available from: https://article.tebyan.net/ 147009/%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8% AF-%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-. (Persian).
  2. ISO 45001. 2018 [Internet]. ISO. 2018. Available from: https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html.
  3. English UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction [Internet]. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). 2009. Available from: https:// www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf.
  4. Arabic UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction [Internet]. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). 2009. Available from: http:// www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyArabic.pdf.

Synthesis of Polyurethane/Hyaluronic acid/Royal Jelly Electrospun Scaffold and Evaluating its Properties for Wound Healing
Mehdi Movahedi, Azadeh Asefnejad, Mohammad Rafienia, Mohammad Taghi Khorasani,
Volume 30, Issue 192 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Studies showed that biocompatible and biodegradable materials in tissue engineering can be used to heal wounds. The aim of this study was to fabricate polyurethane/royal jelly/hyaluronic acid scaffold with suitable biological properties for wound healing using electrospinning method.
Materials and methods: In this applied experimental study, to make a nanofiber scaffold, 10% by weight/weight of polyurethane was dissolved at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, royal jelly (in different ratios) and hyaluronic acid (1% by w/w) were added to the polyurethane solution and electrospinning was performed. For biological evaluation, in vitro and finally in vivo analyses were performed.
Results: Polyurethane scaffold containing 1% w/w of hyaluronic acid and 6% w/w of royal jelly was fabricated by electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscope images showed bead-free uniform fibers. The diameter of scaffold fibers was 546.8 nm. The contact angle of the scaffold was 51.610 indicating the hydrophilic properties of the scaffold. Moreover, the scaffold did not show any toxicity. Royal jelly improved cell proliferation and increased the cell adhesion of the scaffold. In the in vivo analysis, the wound healing process in the presence of the prepared scaffold was 92.21% after 14 days.
Conclusion: Electrospun polyurethane scaffold containing 1% w/w of hyaluronic acid and 6% w/w of royal jelly was studied for the first time and in vitro and in vivo studies showed that this scaffold can be a suitable candidate in skin tissue engineering and wound healing.
 
Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Portulaca Oleracea Supplement on Changes in Fetuin A Level and Insulin Resistance in Rats with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Tahereh Khorasani-Toroghi, Ali Yaghoubi,
Volume 32, Issue 212 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Portulaca Oleracea supplementation on fetuin level and insulin resistance of rat with NAFLD.
Materials and methods: 25 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control (n = 5), fatty liver control (n = 5), supplement. (N = 5), HIIT (n = 5) and HIIT+ supplement (n = 5). To induce NAFLD, rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Portulaca oleracea supplement at a dose of 400 mg/kg was given to the respective groups. The HIIT training protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week with 7 repetitions of 1 minute with 90% of maximum speed, which was accompanied by active rest intervals including 2 minutes of running with 20% of maximum speed.
Results: Insulin resistance in fatty liver control group was significantly higher than healthy control group (p=0.002). Level of this index in HIIT group (p=0.01), Portulaca supplement group (P=0.037) and HIIT  group (p=0.012) were significantly lower than fatty liver control group. Also fetuin A level in liver of fatty liver control group was significantly higher than healthy control group (p=0.01). Level of this index in HIIT group (p=0.036), Portulaca supplement group (P=0.019) and HIIT combined with Portulaca supplement group (p=0.007) were significantly lower than fatty liver control group.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and Portulaca Oleracea supplementation improve insulin resistance in NAFLD by lowering hepatic fetuin A levels.


 
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