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Abstract Background and purpose: Migraine is a kind of primary headache that involves neurovascular system. Some studies have shown that obesity could affect the severity, frequency and duration of migraine attacks. This study aimed at investigating the association between anthropometric measurements and severity, frequency and duration of headache in patients with migraine. Material and methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 100 migraine patients who referred to Isfahan Korshid and Imam Mosua Sader Clinics in 2013. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Mass (BFM) and Waist Circumference (WC) were measured for each patient. Data was analyzed by SPSS V.19 using t-test, X2 and regression tests. Results: The mean of patients’ BMI, BFS and WC in men and women was 24.46±4.45 and 24.72±4.58kg/m2, 17.66±8.12 and 20.12±7.31 kg, 88.62±11.68 and 80.81±9.03 cm, respectively. The mean of severity, frequency and duration of migraine attacks in men and women was 6.96±0.92 and 7.15±0.92, 11.21±8.68 and 11.26±10.16 per month, 18.19±16.16 and 21.75±18.63 hours, respectively. In total population, BMI, BFS and WC had significant effect on severity and frequency of migraine attacks (P≤ 0.01). While, no significant association was found between anthropometric measurements and duration of migraine attacks (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the mean of BMI, BFM and WC, (the indices of central and general obesity) were in appropriate levels but these indices had significant role in severity and frequency of migraine attacks. However, no significant relationship was seen between mentioned measurements and duration of migraine attacks. Keywords: Migraine, body mass index, body fat mass, waist circumference, obesity

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Background and purpose: Acetaminophen that is used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug can induce severe hepatotoxicity in humans following accidental or intentional overdose. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body that is not incorporated into proteins but is found as a free amino acid in the body. This study aimed at investigating the changes in plasma concentration of taurine and liver biomarkers in acute poisoning with acetaminophen. Materials and methods: We measured the taurine concentrations in plasma in 30 acutely poisoned patients with acetaminophen attending the poison department in Sina Hospital in admission time and 12 hours after admission and in 30 healthy individuals (control group) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, ALT, AST, and PT as biomarkers of liver were measured by Auto-Analyzer. Data was analyzed using two-tailed unpaired student t-test and ANOVA. Results: Mean plasma taurine concentrations in the Acetaminophen -poisoned patients in admission, and 12 hours after admission were 36.91±3.449 mg/l and 27.82±4.020 mg/l, respectively. Significant differences were seen in the mean plasma taurine concentration between the patients and the control group (4.62 ± 0.451) (P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between plasma taurine concentrations and plasma ALT, AST, and PT (P>0.05). Conclusion: Taurine is released by the liver in response to a toxic insult in the first 12 hours and is increased in plasma and urine, whereas, other liver biomarkers are increased in liver 12 hours following acetaminophen overdose.

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Abstract Background and purpose: Interpersonal conflicts in clinical environments wastes many resources and have adverse effects on professional communication. Assertiveness skill is an important component of communication skills that helps in reducing interpersonal conflicts. This study was conducted to determine the effect of assertiveness training on nurses’ interpersonal conflicts. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 60 nurses in Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad were randomly assigned into either intervention or control groups. A two-day workshop was held for intervention group in which assertiveness skills were taught, while the control group did not receive any training. Assertiveness skills and conflicts level in both groups were measured before and 40 days after the intervention by Bar-on assertiveness questionnaire, Golparvar and Vaseghi Interpersonal conflict at work scale, and Jex and Spector's Interpersonal Conflict Scale. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in nurses’ mean score for interpersonal conflicts (P=0.346) but after the intervention, this mean score decreased significantly in the group that had assertiveness training (11.6±5.9 vs.19.0±8.4, P<0.0001). Conclusion: In this study assertiveness skill training was found to have considerable effect on reducing the level of nurses’ conflicts, therefore, it is suggested to provide nurses with assertiveness training so that they could manage workplace conflicts appropriately.

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Background andpurpose:Currently, leachate production and its management are major environmental problems associated with the operation of solid waste landfill. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of combined processes of coagulation, ozonation, and advanced oxidation using UV-activated oxone in treatment of landfill leachate of Zahedan, Iran.

Materials andmethods: This experimental-laboratory study included chemical coagulation using poly aluminum chloride (PAC), ozonation, and chemical oxidation using potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone). For the purpose of this study, the effect of critical operating parameters on treatment of landfill leachate was investigated. These operating parameteres included: pH (3-8) and concentration of PAC (50-250 mg/l) in chemical coagulation process,time of ozonation (5-20 min), pH of solution (2-10), concentration of oxone reactant (150-750 mg/l), contact time with oxone (60-360 min), temperature (20-45ºC), and intensity of UV lamp in oxidation process using oxone (8, 15, 30 W).

Results: According to the results, the overall efficiency rates of this process in removal of total coliform, fecal coliform, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)were 99%, 99%, 97%, 100%, 91.1%, and 85.62%, respectively, with optimum
PAC concentration= 250 mg/L, pH= 6 at the chemical coagulation phase, ozonation duration= 20 min,
reactiontime= 180 min during oxone-based oxidation process, oxone concentration= 750 mg/L, pH= 5, temperature= 25ºC, and UV lamp intensity= 8 W. Furthermore, the BOD₅/COD ratio increased from 0.42 to 0.72 after completion of the treatment process.

Conclusion:Current study showed that application of combined processes of chemical coagulation, ozonation, and advanced oxidation using UV-activated oxone are highlyefficient in removing major pollutants from waste landfill leachate.

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Background and purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the main therapeutic agents for acid-related diseases. Pantoprazole, with minimal drug interaction, is one of the well-known PPIs. According to various studies, 25-75% of pantoprazole injections have no indications and cause a high burden on health systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the indication and rate of pantoprazole injections in Yazd Rahnemoon Hospital, Iran.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 72 hospitalized patients in invasive care units, and internal and emergency wards between March and December 2019. Demographic and clinical data, risk factors, PPI indication, and doses of utilized pantoprazole were recorded. The rationality of pantoprazole prescription was confirmed by comparing the drug information from up-to-date database under the supervision of a clinical pharmacist in the hospital.
Results: In total, out of 60 patients who received IV pantoprazole, 52.8% could have received the oral form and in 69.4% there was no indication to use IV pantoprazole.
Conclusion: In this study, parenteral form of pantoprazole was not indicated in majority of the patients. Guidelines should be approved to prevent irrational administration of parental PPIs in hospitals.

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Background and purpose: Life and death became significant issues with the outbreak of the COVID-19 and its aftermath. Previous studies have shown that having meaning in life and the ability to regulate emotion can play effective roles in coping with death anxiety. The present study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and death anxiety with the mediating roles of emotion regulation and meaning in life.
Materials and methods: In this correlational study, the study population included all adults aged 18 to 60 years in Mashhad, Iran 2020-2021, of whom 583 were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using Persian version of Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Correlation and causality relationships were investigated using path analysis in SPSS V25 SPSS and AMOS V24.
Results: A significant positive correlation was found between death anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety (r=0.31) and difficulty in emotion regulation (r=0.47). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between death anxiety and meaning in life (r=-0.43). COVID-19 anxiety could indirectly predict death anxiety due to the difficulty in emotion regulation and presence of meaning in life.
Conclusion: COVID-19 anxiety, emotion regulation, and meaning in life play key roles in death anxiety. Therefore, teaching emotion regulation techniques and having deeper meaning in life play major preventive roles in development of death anxiety associated with COVID-19.