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Background and purpose : Âl Hamikah was the first name given by moslem physicians for skin diseases accompanied by mild fever and lymphadenitis and cattarhal symptoms. Ït was known as a kind of measles but later on was named as german measles or kotheln, and after the year 1866 was named as rubella. Ïmportance of this disease is not due to onset of symptoms in the patients, but also for causing congenital rubella in the neonates from infected mothers followed by health and wealth consequences. Âfter the preparation of vaccine for rubella in 1969, there has been significant reduction in the number congenital patients, Â report on elimination of rubella in finland was given in 2000. Ït is since many years that the titer of rubella antibody in the children and the women at the age of reproductive is measured, in order to have a proper vaccination program for the control of congenital rubella complications (at present 10% of the women in the world are at the risk of rubella infection). The aim was to study the immunity and/or sensitivity of the Qaemshahr high shool girls at the age of marriage. So to apply the obtained data for the health programs.
Materials and methods : This research was a descriptive study done on 400 girl students with the help of ËLÏSÂ (alpha-Biotech). Demographic characteristics of the students under study were recorded in order to study the presence of any relevance with the results obtained. The study was done considering the medical ethics.
Results : This study showed that, from 400 persons under study 37 (9.25%) were not immune to rubella. This finding does not have significant relationship with age, living place (urban, rural), parents occupation, level of education and family members.
Çonclusion : Çonsidering the lack of immunity to rubella in 9.25% of the girls at qaemshar high schools, vaccination planning for the girls at the age of marriage seems to be necessary. ËLÏSÂ technique as compare to (HÏ) is more sensitive, with less error and with higher speed, which is recommended as a screening test for the girls before marriage.

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Background and purpose: Ïn order to determine the presence of anticardiolipin (acl) antibodies in patients with ischemic events, a case control study was designed and performed.
Materials and methods: 33 patients with unstable angina, 33 male patients with myocardial infarction and 34 persons with no evidence of ischemic heart disease were selected for this study. Plasma samples were assessed for detection of the level of ÏgG acl antibody by ËLÏSÂ method.
Results : The level of cardiolipin (mean ± SD of optical density multiplied by 1000) for unstable angina, myocardial infarction patients and control subjects were 624 ± 3.19, 486 ± 318, and 239 ± 2.2 respectively. P=0.0001 and F=15.74.
Çonclusion: The results of this study indicate that the level of acl antibody in the patients with ischemic event is higher than the other groups.

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Background and purpose: Ôf the agents involved in stroke, is presence of antiphospholipid antibody in serum of the patients. Ïn recent years, in addition to cardiolipin antibody (aÇL) another antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) was identified as the predispousing factor of stroke. Ïn the present study, in addition to the identification of higher than normal level of aÇL and aPL, prevalence rate of aÇL and aPL in the under 45 years patients having ischemic stroke has been investigated. '
Materials and methods : Ïn a descriptive study done in 45 years ischemic stroke patients referring to Ïsfahan Âlzahrah hospitals, the aÇL and aPL (ÏgM,ÏgG) titers were measured, then clinical, laboratory and demographic titers higher than normal were studied.
Results : Ôf 114 patients, 23 (19.5%) had ÏgM and ÏgG titers of acL and apL higher than normal. Ôf these 18(15.3%) patients with aÇL titer higher than normal, 7 were men and 16 women. Higher than normal of aÇL of type ÏgM and ÏgG were in 15(65.2%) and 8(34.7%) respectively and aPL of type ÏgM and ÏgG were in 19(82.6%) and 6(26%) respectively. Ïn 5(21%) patients non-cardiolipin antibody titer was higher than normal,(aPL higher than normal and aÇL was normal). Ëmbolic and thrombotic strokes were observed in 7 and 16 patients respectively. History of previous stroke was seen in 7 patients. Heart. Valvolar involevement was detected in 47% of the patients.
Discussion: The results show that majoritiy of the under 45 years patients with ischemic stroke in Ïran have the antiphospholipid antibody titer higher than normal range and approximately 20% of the patients have non anti cardiolipin antibody higher than normal. High titer of ÏgM which is observed in more percentage of the patients in Ïran corresponds with the data available in the non developed countries such an Ïndia which indicate to be due to infections and toxins as the acute accelerator of ÏgM which needs to be more investigated.

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Background and purpose :Çandida albicans is an environmental microflora of vagina. The circumstance of response to antigenic component of Çandida albicans is variable in different patients, and probably plays an important role in course of vaginitis. The purpose of this study was to determine ÏgË and ÏgG antibodies to Çandida albicans in sera from patients with acute and chronic candida and non-candidal vaginitis.
Materials and methods : Ïn this study, Çandida albicans was grown on Medium. Then yeast cells were carefully harvested from the surface of the solid medium. Âfter disruption of the yeast cells, samples were centrifuged at 25000 rpm. Supernatants were collected and used as a crude extract. Protein components of the crude extracts were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PÂGË) and transferred to nitrocellulose filter. The component vaginitis (n-80, 20 patients from each groups) and visualized by Ënzyme-labeled anti-human ÏgË and ÏgG antibodies in chromogenic substrate.
Results : in SDS-PÂGË a total of 15 different protein bands (13-75 Kda) were observed in crude extract of Ç.albicans, however in immunoblotting none of protein bands gave response with ÏgË antibodies. Ôn the contrary, protein bands with molecular weight of 25 and 52 KDs gave strong response with ÏgG antibodies in 100% of sera from chronic candidal vaginitis patients. Whereas, acute non-candidal vaginitis patients did not react with any protein bands. 100% of sera from acute candidal vaginitis patients gave strong response only with 47 Kda protein bands and 55% of chronic non-candidal vaginitis patients gave weak response with 47 Kda protein bands.
Çonclusion : Ôur results showed that anti-Çandida ÏgË to 25 Kda protein bands and 47 Kda protein band was strongly related to chronic and acute course of candidal vaginitis, respectively.