---

Background and purpose : Âccording to the policy of Ïranian ministry of health and medical education, that all patients should be visited by general practitioner and if necessary referred to a consultant specialist and with that in mind, Less than one fifth of the referring patients to the only available psychiatric center of mazandaran university of medical sciences are directed by general practioners. Ït was decided to screen psychiatric disorders in general medical clinics affiliated to this university.
Materials and methods : Two hundred and fifty adult clients (95% confident coefficient) were selected via stratified random sampling, and evaluated by SÇL-90-R test.
Results : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 40%. These disorders were more common in women. Âlso, the global severity index was greater in women. Majority of the psychiatrical patients were married, housewife, and high school educated. The most prevalent dimensions of psychiatric disorders were paranoid ideations, somatization, anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity.
Çonclusion : Çonsidering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in general medical practice, and psychiatric consultations are very limited, it seems that, probably there is no proper education and/or no enough attention to the psychiatric disorders. Ït is essential to pay more attention in psychiatry education in the course of medical education.

---

Background and purpose: The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people requires proper knowledge about the present status of psychiatric disorders in our society. The objective of this research was to carry out an epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals 18 years and above, living in urban and rural areas of mazandaran province.
Materials and methods: Ïn this study, 1022 individuals selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling method from mazandaran province families and presence of Âffective Disorders and Schizophrenia(SÂDS) were diagnosed by clinical psychologist through filling of questionnaires and also based on DSM-ÏV classification criteria.
Results: Results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 21.52% which comprises 30.13% in women and 12.33% in men. The rate of anxiety and mood disorders were 10.17% and 5.48% respectively, which were the highest rate of prevalence in this province. The prevalence of psychologic disorders in this study was 1.67%, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.73% and dissociative disorders 1.47%. Ïn the mood disorders group, main depression was 4.60% and in the anxiety disorders group, phobia was 2.74%, which were the higher prevalence rates. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals of 66 years and above was 21.84%, individuals of expired spouses 26.92%, residents of Sari city 18.82%, illiterate individuals 23.04% and housewives 22.56% were more than the other individuals in this study.
Çonclusion: This study showed that 14.58% of individuals under study suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders and prevalence of these disorders is nearly same as the previous epidemiological study done in Ïran and the other countries. Knowledge on the result of this study, clarifies the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers on prevention, treatment and medical education more than before relating to prepration of application and executive plans in Mazandaran province for mental health.

---

Background and purpose: loss of father or being handicapped is a major stressor and can increase mental disorders in children. This research was designed to study the comparison of some mental disorders like attention deficit, hyperactive disorder (ÂD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder (ÔDD), conduct disorder (ÇD), generalized anxiety disorder (GÂD). dysthymia disorder (DD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) in children of fatherless, martyred, veteran, and ordinary (7-12 years old).
Materials and methods: This research is a retrospective study about mental disorders which is done on children of 591 martyred, deprived, veteran and ordinary children in order to have comparitive study of mental disorders. Tools of study includes questionnaries on personal features and questionnaire of children disorder symptom. ÇSÏ-4 statistical analysis were done by t-tests, variasion analysis and shefeh.
Results : Ôbtained results indicate that there is significant difference related to psychological disorders among 4 groups under study (P<0.001). Â comparison between fatherless, martyred’s veteran’s and children revealed that, fatherless and marhyred’s children suffer more from pychological disorders compared to the veteran’s children (P<0.05). Âlso psychological disorders were observed more in fatherless children than martyred’s children (P<0.05). Martyred’s children had more psychological disorders than veteran’s children (P<0.05). The results obtained based on the regression variasion showed some variables in all of the groups under study, (martyred’s veteran’s and fatherless) boys suffered more than girls (P<0.01). Ïn other words, boys are more susceptible to various psychological disorders (ÔR=1.42). Âlso results showed that, in the low economical condition families, children are more at risk of having psychological disorders (ÔR=1.48).
Çonclusion: Çonsidering the rate of psychological disorders among children of martyred, fatherless and veteran as compared to the children from ordinary families, and presence of higher rate of psychological disorders in the father less children as compared to the children of veterans, and presence of higher rate of psychological disorders in fatherless children as compared to the martyred’s children, it is necessary that the hygienic and treatment programmers of the society pay more attention to the primary and secondary prevention of health and hygiene of children from such families.

---

Background and purpose: Suicide is a complex mental phenomenon which is influenced by personal and environmental factors. Increase in number of suicides made the authors to define and explain its etiologies. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 934 cases from a five year period were studied. The subjects were those who were referred to forensic dissection hall of Fars legal medicine center among whom suicide was the main reason for death. Related questionnaires were completed and the data was analyzed using SPSS V.19. Results: The results showed that the most common etiology for suicide according to the victims’ relatives was mental disorder (31.3%). Conclusion: To reduce social pathologies like committing suicides institutions such as families and elementary schools should identify and treat children with early signs of mental disorders.

---

Background and purpose: Some researches has been done on the relationship between personality and mental health, however, this subject requires further study and consideration. This research was carried out so as to investigate the relationship of neuroticism, extraversion, positive affect and negative affect with mental disorders. Materials and methods: The present study is a descriptive of correlation type. The research population included all the students at Payame Noor University of Harsin, Iran. Among those 350 were selected using simple random method. For data collection questionnaires of SCL-90, Eysenck personality and positive and negative affect scales (PANAS-X) were applied. Statistical indices such as correlation and regression were used. Results: The results showed that mental disorders are positively correlated with neuroticism and negative affect but a negative correlation was found between extraversion and positive affect. It was also found that extraversion has a weak effect in mental disorders compared to other considered factors. Therefore, it does not have a significant role in the prediction of total score. Conclusion: This study indicated a relationship between personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and positive and negative affect with mental disorders.

---

Background and purpose: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a new approach that is used in treatment of complicated mental health disorders. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of DBT on depression. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study included an experimental group (DBT) and a control group. The study population included all mothers having children with mental disorders who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Using convenience sampling 16 mothers were selected. Experimental groups were studied in three stages: before the treatment, during training and follow-up. Data was collected through structured clinical interview for one axis disorder and Beck Depression Inventory. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and t-test for paired samples. Results: The results showed significant differences between the level of depression in experimental and control groups after DBT implementation (P<0.001). Conclusion: Group DBT sessions could be of great benefit in treatment interventions and help in reducing depression in target groups.

---

Background and purpose: Intentional drug poisoning is one of the most common methods of suicide attempt. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic characteristics of suicide attempters and identifying the pattern of intentional drug poisoning.

Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive-analytical study in which data was collected from the medical records of suicide attempts by drug poisoning in 5Azar Hospital in Gorgan, Iran, 2008-2015. Data was analyzed by Stata V.11 and Pearson's Chi-squared test.

Results: During these seven years, 442 cases of suicide attempts by drug poisoning were recorded in which there were 244 (55.2%) females and 229 individuals (51.8%) aged 20–29 years. Their mean age was 24.54 ± 8.14 and the majority (79%) lived in urban areas. Also, 224 (55.2%) patients were single and 248 (56.1%) had high school education. Poisoning occurred mostly in summer (28.7%). Among the pharmaceuticals, sedative-hypnotic drugs especially benzodiazepines were used more often (47.5%) followed by narcotic drugs (26.5%) and antidepressants (17.4%). Death occurred in three patients (0.68%) died. Family quarrel was found to be the main cause of suicide attempts (46.8%).

Conclusion: Sedative-hypnotic drugs especially benzodiazepines were the most common agents used in intentional drug poisoning that were seen most commonly among younger individuals, single persons and people with family quarrel.