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Mucormycosis is the most threatening systemic mycotic disease, which occurs in case of underlying diseases such as, diabetes and immune difficiency and followed by high rate of mortality if not diagnosed in time and treated properly. Treatment of this disease starts with treatment of underlying disease, administration of amphothericin B and surgical debridment. The sooner the surgical intervention the more obvious improvement in prognosis.

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Mucormycosis is a progressive and invasive fungal infection that commonly affects structures in the head and neck, such as sinuses, orbits, and the brain. This infection occurs in immunocompromised patients and is rarely seen in healthy individuals. Correct diagnosis of the disease is often difficult and its mortality rate is 30% -69%. In this study, the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods and prognosis of six patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis are described. The cases were three females and three males whose mean age was 43 years. Among the cases four had diabetes, one had aplastic anemia, and one person had iron deficiency anemia. Pathology was positive in three patients. Finally, four patients survived with treatments including surgery and medication, but two individuals died. Those two did not consent to have surgery. Rapid diagnosis could increase the chance of survival, therefore, fungal opportunistic infections should be taken into account in immunocompromised patients with respiratory mucosal infections.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously spread worldwide. One of the problems of COVID-19 patients is co-infection with other microbial infections such as fungal infections that are severely life-threatening. Mucormycosis, one of these opportunistic fungal diseases that is mistakenly known as black fungal disease, has been reported in Iran and the world. This non-systematic review is intended to review the latest studies in the world and Iran about the incidence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients to better understand the disease and its predisposing factors. In general, patients with COVID-19 with underlying diseases, diabetic patients, those treated with immunosuppressive drugs, ICU patients, and patients under invasive mechanical ventilation are at higher risk for mucormycosis. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods can be effective in reducing the risk of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients.
 

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Background and purpose: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis) is a rare fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated mucormycosis's clinical and paraclinical features in patients admitted to Buali Hospital in Sari & Razi Hospital in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
Materials and methods: This retrospective and cross-sectional study reviewed the patients' files with proven or probable mucormycosis admitted to Buali & Razi hospitals from 20 April 2011 to 20 April 2018. The Student's T-test and Fisher's exact test were performed for data analysis using SPSS version 27 software. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as a significant value.
Results: Out of 33 patients studied, 18 (54.55%) were female and 15 (45.45%) were male. The average age of the patients was 48.84 years. Among the signs and symptoms of the disease, most cases were related to headache. Diabetes was the most common underlying disease in these patients 28 (93.3%). The mortality rate in these patients was 48.48%, of which 25% related to mucormycosis. The genus Mucor and Rhizopus were the most common agents isolated in 9 cases of positive cultures.
Conclusion: Results indicate that people with diabetes are more susceptible to mucormycosis than others, and that control and reduction of diabetes in the community can significantly reduce the incidence of mucormycosis. surgery combined with timely medical treatment also has the highest survival rate.