Showing 5 results for Tehran
Majid Kermani, Mohsen Dowlati, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari,
Volume 26, Issue 138 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental factors threatening human health that cause short and long term health effects and various diseases. The present study aimed at investigating and quantifying the health consequences associated with exposure to O3, NO2, and SO2 in ambient air in Tehran, 2014, using the air quality (Air Q) model.
Materials and methods: A descriptive–analytic study was performed in which hourly data of pollutants were taken from Tehran environmental protection agency and Air Quality Control Company. Data was validated according to the WHO guidelines. Statistical parameters were calculated for quantifying health effects. Then, processed data was converted for Air Q model.
Results: The highest cumulative cases of mortality was due to NO2 (n= 1274, attributable proportion= 2.51). Also, cumulative cases of hospital admission due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were attributed to O3 (n= 240 cases, attributable proportion= 2.54). The number of heart attack cases due to SO2 was 225.
Conclusion: According to the growing trend of air pollution, resultant mortality rate, and adverse effects more efficient solutions are required to control and reduce air pollution in Tehran.
Taher Azimi, Aref Shariati, Fatemeh Fallah, Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi, Ali Hashemi, Hossein Goudarzi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri,
Volume 27, Issue 149 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Tuberculosis is among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the estimated rate of TB in Iran was 21 per 100,000 populations in 2015. The present study was designed to evaluate the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and methods: A total of 80 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from TB patients attending a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran from January 2015 to December 2016. Standard 15-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeat Units/Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was applied to genotype clinical isolates.
Results: There were 78 different VNTR profiles comprising 2 clusters and 76 unique patterns. The Hunter – Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.990, indicating a high power of discrimination for MIRU-VNTR typing. The QUB26 and MTUB21 loci were designated as highly discriminative.
Conclusion: The high genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates suggests that transmission may have been caused by different sources.
Manijeh Alavi, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Mehdi Noroozi, Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi,
Volume 27, Issue 158 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and purpose: The pace of population aging is fast, so maintenance of mental health in elderly is an important issue. This study aimed to assess mental health in older adults and some relating factors.
Materials and methods: In a cross sectional study, 400 old people were selected by multi-stage sampling in Tehran 2014-15. Data was collected using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the lifestyle questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to determine the adjusted association between demographics and underlying factors with mental health.
Results: The mean age of participants was 67.7±7.63 years and mean score for their mental health was 21.82±11.37. According to regression model after adjusting other covariates, some variables, including gender, age, education, employment, life satisfaction, motor-physical limitations, and using rehabilitation instruments were the predictors of participants’ mental health (P˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed that physical health in elderly has a key role in their mental health. Motor-physical disability is one of the main predictors of mental health among old people. Physical activities and health and also employment situation should be considered in interventions designed to promote mental health in older population.
Mojgan Zendehdel, Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi, Ensiyeh Fooladi, Shayesteh Jahanfar,
Volume 28, Issue 168 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Unwanted fertility is rarely studied among men.The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of unintended pregnancy and its related factors in married men in South of Tehran, Iran.
Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 507 married men aged 23-49 in 2017. Demographic characteristics of the participants, their fertility history and knowledge on this issue were recorded. To analyze the data, single and multiple logistic regressions were conducted.
Results: The majority of participants reported history of pregnancy in their wives (95.1%). Approximately 37% of married men experienced at least one unwanted pregnancy. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression showed that being married more than once (AOR [Adjusted Odds Ratio], 95% CI= 2.74; 1.07-7.13), low level of comfort in the use of contraceptive methods (AOR, 95% CI= 10.06; 1.95-51.9), more than two live births (AOR, 95% CI= 2.49; 1.60-3.88), having three children and more (AOR, 95% CI= 6.70; 3.51-12.79), and doubts about marriage durability (AOR, 95% CI=0.25; 0.08-0.81) were associated with unwanted pregnanies .
Conclusion: More focus on the factors associated with male experiences of unintended pregnancy could reduce this problem. Providing care for fertility and sexuality, trainings on the correct use of contraceptive methods to men in healthcare centers could also be of great benefit in reducing the rate of unwanted pregnancy and illegal abortions, especially in socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
Yalda Hashempour, Fatemeh Mortezazadeh,
Volume 30, Issue 189 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Water treatment is of great importance in human life, due to the contamination of water resources. Therefore, continuous evaluation of the performance of water treatment plants is necessary to minimize contamination within the treatment plant in order to create optimal conditions.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analytic study was performed in Tehranpars water treatment plant. Water samples were collected at different stages (Pre-chlorination, Pulsator, Filtration and Post-chlorination) during 30 months. The samples were randomly taken one day per week and pH, water temperature, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and chlorophyll a contents were measured.
Results: Average turbidity removal in pre-chlorination, pulsator, filtration, and final chlorination units were approximately (9%±1.74), (39%±0.77), (44% ±0.23), and (4%±0.1.74), respectively and the overall efficiency of the treatment plant was 96%. The mean concentrations of DOC in effluent of Tehranpars water treatment plant were 2.37±0.16, 2.94±0.32, 1.74±0.07, and 2.17±0.16 mg/L in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. Mean DOC values were higher than limits (2 mg/L) in all seasons except fall. Chlorophyll a concentrations in water entering the treatment plant were higher in summer and spring than other two seasons.
Conclusion: Tehranpars water treatment plant showed considerable efficiency in reducing water turbidity. Pre-chlorination and final chlorination processes had the greatest effect on minimizing DOC concentration due to the high affinity of organic compounds with chlorine and formation of disinfectant by-products. Therefore, pre-ozonation is recommended as a solution to reduce the production of these hazardous organic compounds rather than pre-chlorination.
