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Background and purpose: Lack of spirituality, remoteness of real purpose and a defeat versus cultural offense, is one of the many anxieties that families and compassionates, along with society and educators encounter. Without any doubt, knowledge of the Quran and positive attitude, are reasons for promotion of spirituality, recognizing and reaching the real goal of creation and protection against cultural offense. The aim of this research is the study knowledge and attitudes of academic members from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, related to Quran and finding strength and weakness in this connection, in order to establish cultural programming.
Materials and methods: This research is a cross sectional in which 88 board members completed a questionnaire, with the reliability and validity being proved. Knowledge and attitude of the members pertaining to the Quran was researched by the questionnaire. This study was performed in the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2007. Statistical methods were SPSS 15, ANOVA and T tests.
Results: Sexuality and marital status was not effective in the Quranic test grade. In an action environment, along with the type of official order, a meaningful difference was found in the Quranic test grade. Consequently, individuals who received higher test scores had special features that were extracted separately.
Conclusion: It appears that Quranic education in the age of 10 or less and attending in comprehension sittings, in addition to paying attention to Quranic meaning at the time of reading and comprehension of Quran at home, may have an effective role in promotion of board member’s knowledge regarding the Holy Quran.

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Background and purpose: Down syndrome children not only have delayed motor development but also have many difficulties for acquiring motor skills, particularly in upper extremities. Hence, the aim of study was to investigate the effects of eye- hand coordination activities on hand skills in educable children with Down syndrome.
Materials and methods: Fifteen children with Down syndrome (7-10 years) participated in this interventional study through convenience sampling. Âfter familiarization with the test method, they were assessed by Purdue Pegboard Test. Then, they attended in an eye-hand coordination program for 8 weeks (three times a week forty-minutes each session). Finally, they were reassessed by Purdue Pegboard Test. Data were analyzed using Mc-Nemar and Wilcoxon tests.
Results: There were significant differences in the mean scores of movement rate of dominant and non-dominant hands, eye-hand coordination of both hands and their hand skills before and after interventions (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were found either in the two genders or in the right- and left-handed children (P>0.05).
Çonclusion: Âccording to the results of this study, eye-hand coordination activities had significant effects on the hand skills of children with Down syndrome. However, gender and hand dominancy didn’t have any effects on hand skill improvement.

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Background and purpose: Hierarchical decision-making bodies in universities include the board of trustees, the head of university, the board of directors, and the university council. The aim of this research was to determine the function of the board of trustees of state medical sciences universities in Iran during five different periods; 1991 to 2016.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic research we investigated all the directives approved by independent board of trustees in state medical sciences universities affiliated with Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education in five periods.
Results: The number of meetings held by board of trustees in 47 universities (average of 37 universities per year) was 1999 in which 32680 directives approved. The average number of meetings per year in each board of trustees was 2.08, the lowest was in the second period (1.12) and the highest was in the fifth period (3.04). The average numbers of directives approved in the first and second periods were 10, and in the third, fourth, and fifth periods were 17, 20, and 16 per session, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the number of meetings per year and the number of directives approved in every meeting, the function of board of trustees from the highest to the lowest was in the fourth, fifth, third, first, and second periods. Compared with the function of type 1 and type 2 universities, the function of type 3 universities was found to be higher. The functional pattern in most tasks and those within the authority of board of trustees during the first 16 years was considerably different between the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.

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 Background and purpose: Nowadays, widespread use of automated teller machines (ATMs), has increased the possibility of contamination of hands due to contact with the surfaces of these devices. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated bacteria from the keyboard of these devices in Sari, north of Iran.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, the keyboards of 200 ATMs were sampled by sterile swab and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were inoculated in TSB medium and, after 24 hours of incubation at 37 ° C, were cultured on specific solid media and incubated. Then, the isolated bacteria were identified and their antibiotic resistance pattern was examined by disk agar diffusion method.
Results: Bacterial contamination was observed in 97% of the samples. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent identified bacteria (36.08%), while Bacillus cereus was the least frequent bacteria (1.54%). K. pneumoniae showed a high resistance rate against Tetracycline (91.42%) and a low resistance rate towards Imipenem (2.85%).
Conclusion: Regular disinfection of ATM keyboards has a significant role in reducing and controlling bacterial contamination. Also, due to increased antibiotic resistance of isolated bacteria, it is possible to combat this problem by precise monitoring on the performance of antimicrobial stewardship programs.