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Âssociation between billiary duct and bronchus is a rare finding. The etiology is defined as to be due to congenital pulmonary disease, history of trauma, particularly penetrating trauma, hepatic infectious disease such as, hydatid cyst. We had a case of bronchobiliary fistula secondary to hydatid cyst who had been under treatment for bronchitis for long term and finally due to dyspnea, with diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax was admitted in hospital. Final diagnosis was confirmed by ÇT SÇÂN of abdomen, thorax and fibrooptic bronchoscopy. The necessary treatment was taken by surgical incision of thorax.

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Background and purpose: Ïdentifying the various genotypes of Ëchinococcus granulosus as the agent of hydatid cysts in endemic areas can influence the disease control programs, particularly in humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the different genotypes of Ëchinococcus granulosus from paraffin-embedded tissues of hydatid cysts isolated from human by PÇR-RFLP.
Materials and methods: To identify the molecular characteristics of Ëchinococcus granulosus, tissue samples from 30 human patients infected with hydatid cysts were collected from hospitals across the province of Golestan. DNÂ was extracted and characterized by PÇR-RFLP method. Ïn this study, 3 restriction endonuclease enzymes were used.
Results: PÇR product obtained from amplification of Ëchinococcus granulosus rDNÂ-ÏTS1 from human hydatid cysts showed two different patterns of DNÂ bands in human isolates. Ïn spite of the difference between human isolates in the size of DNÂ bands (1000 base pairs), the use of BD1/4S and ËGF1/ËGR2 primers showed that these isolates are to some extent similar in the size of band (391 base pairs). PÇR products by RFLP method showed a different pattern of genotype or strain with Taq1 restriction enzyme in human isolates. No change in the size of DNÂ bands were observed with Msp1 and Âlu1 restriction enzyme in human isolates.
Çonclusion: Therefore, genotypic differences and similarities between the size of DNÂ bands of Ëchinococcus granulosus from human isolates with PÇR-RFLP method indicated the occurrence of different genotypes of Ëchinococcus granulosus in different parts of Golestan Province.

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Abstract Background and purpose: The most common serum used in culture media is fetal bovine serum (FBS). Given that FBS is costly, this study aimed at evaluating the hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) as a substitute for FBS in culture medium of fibroblast cells isolated from rat. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, skin dermal area from inguinal and abdomen of rat were used for fibroblast preparation. Fibroblasts cells were isolated using trypsin enzyme and then were cultured in RPMI medium (including 20% FBS). After sufficient cell growth, they were isolated and cultured in 24-well microtiter plate in three successive concentrations as follows: pure RPMI and RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% FBS as control groups, and RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% HCF. Then survival rate and proliferation level were checked in three successive days using invert microscope (morphology evaluation) and trypan blue 0.4% as vital dye (quantitative evaluation), respectively. Results: Proliferation and growth of fibroblast cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% FBS concentrations were normal during the three days with 95% survival rate. In contrast, fibroblast cells in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% and 20% HCF concentrations were converted from normal to spherical form over the three days and 80 % of them were alive. Conclusion: The results indicated that we can apply HCF as an alternative for FBS up to 72h in RPMI medium. It can also be used as transport or short maintenance media for fibroblast cells.

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Background and purpose: Studying the different diagnostic aspects of hydatid cysts (HC) plays a major role in early diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of HC cases operated in educational hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, the records of all cases with HC (n=95) who underwent surgical treatment in two educational hospitals within 11 years (2004-2015) were studied and analyzed.
Results: The patients were found to be 53.7% females, 67.4% living in rural areas, and 28.4%  were aged 51-60 years old (P<0.05). Liver, lung, and spleen had the highest involvement of HC, respectively. Imaging techniques were used to diagnose the HC along with clinical symptoms.
Conclusion: The present study showed that HC still remains a health problem in Mazandaran province, especially in rural areas.
 

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Background and purpose: Hydatidosis is highly prevalent worldwide which mainly involves liver and lung. There are some drugs sensitive to the hydatid disease but surgery is still the most common form of treatment. Different chemical agents are used for inactivation of protoscolices during surgery but most leave serious side effects. Therefore, herbal extracts have received more attention as replacing agents that have acceptable scolicidal effects and no adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the scolicidal effects of mixture of Artemisia, Eucalyptus and ginger extracts on hydatid cyst protoscolices in vitro.
Materials and methods: Hydatid liver cysts isolated from sheep were collected from a slaughterhouse in Hamedan, Iran. The cysts fluid containing live protoscolices were aspirated aseptically. The effect of two concentrations of the methanolic extracts of the mixture (50 and 100 mg/ml) was investigated at 15 and 30 min. Viability of   protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Data analysis was done applying Chi-square test.
Results: The mixture of eucalyptus and ginger extracts showed acceptable scolicidal effects in which after 15 and 30 min exposure at 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations it killed 97.24% and 100% of protoscolices, respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that mixture of Eucalyptus and ginger had high scolicidal activity in vitro condition. Therefore, it could be used in surgical treatment of hydatid cyst after complementary researches.
 

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 Background and purpose: Hydatidosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases around the world that is endemic in Iran too. In rural areas, there is a higher risk of infection. To the best of our knowledge, no study was done on seroprevalence of hydatidosis in Qaemshahr, north of Iran, so, we aimed to investigate this condition and its risk factors in patients attending Qaemshahr rural health centers using ELISA method.
Materials and methods: A total of 403 serum samples were collected. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, anti-echinococcus­­ granulosus antibody was analyzed using ELISA method. Data analysis was done applying logistic regression in SPSS V24.
Results: Eleven cases (2.73%) were found positive for anti-echinococcus granulosus antibody. There were no significant differences between seropositivity and gender, consumption of raw vegetable, non-chlorinated water and contact with dog and soil (P>0.05), but significant relationships were seen between anti-echinococcus granulosus antibody and abdominal pain and consumption of wild vegetables (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of hydatidosis was similar to other parts of Iran. Further studies considering lifestyle and other variables are suggested in all areas of Mazandaran province with similar climate to Qaemshahr.