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Abstract Background and purpose: Recent studies showed that erythropoietin (EPO) despite having role in hematopoiesis, has non-hematopoietic tissue protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study we evaluated the effects of erythropoietin on reducing ischemia-reperfusion injuries after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Materials and methods: 60 patients that was candidate for elective CABG randomly divided into two groups, EPO and control group. Patients in EPO group received IV infusion of EPO (700 IU/kg), at the start of reperfusion after aorta cross clamp. Cardiac markers: Troponin I and Creatine kinase MB (CKMB) assessed 8hours after CABG surgery. Also echocardiography was performed in all patients 6month after surgery. Results: Troponin I level had no difference in EPO and control group (P=0.30). CKMB level in EPO group was higher than control group (P=0.004). After 6month from surgery, Ejection fraction (EF) in EPO group was higher than control group but differences wasn’t significant (P=0.46). But Left ventricle end systolic diameter (P=0.017) and also Left ventricle end diastolic diameter (P= 0.04) in EPO group were significantly lesser than control group 6month after surgery Conclusion: in this study the administration of erythropoietin was associated with reduction in ischemia-reperfusion injuries by improving ventricular function, and also with reduction in myocardial remodeling and decrease in Left ventricle end systolic diameter and Left ventricle end diastolic diameter

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Background and purpose: Vitamin C and CoQ10 are known as two potentantioxidants. We studied the protective Role of CoQ10 and ascorbic acid against Ischemia-Reperfusion. Finally, we have compared the therapeutic effect of these two together. Materials and methods: 35 male balb-Cwere divided into seven subgroups. Includes five groups: intact, ischemicControl, sham Control and treatment groups with CoQ10 and treatment groups with ascorbic acid. In treatment groups, the mice treated with CoQ10 and vitC as Pre-Treatment for a week. Then, ischemia induced by Common Carotid artery ligation. The mice post-treated with CoQ10and ascorbic acidfor a week. Nissl staining applied to counting necroticCells of hippocampus. TUNNEL kit was used to quantify apoptoticCell death while to short term memory scale, we apply y-maze and shuttle box tests. Results: High rate of apoptosis was seen in ischemic group associated with significantly short-term memory loss. In the treatment groups withthese antioxidants, Cell death was significantly lower than the ischemic Control group. Between treatment groups, group treated with CoQ10 was less neuronal death than the group treated with ascorbic acid. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, ascorbic acid and CoQ10 intake significantly reduced Cell death and decreased memory loss. Butthe antioxidant effect of CoQ10 is stronger than vitamin C in this zone of brain.

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Abstract Background and purpose: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. Materials and methods: In this study 50 male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups: control group which were intact animals group-1(receiving I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2(I/R 60min), group-3(I/R 120min+olive leaf extract) and group-4(I/R 120min).The animals received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavages for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, levels of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GPX, TAC, and MDA, urea and creatinine level were determined in serum. Results: Results showed that urea and creatinine level in serum of treated groups was significantly lower than those of the ischemia-reperfusion groups (P=0.00). Also, MDA level in groups-2 and 4 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.00). In addition, activity level of SOD and GPX enzymes in treated groups with olive leaf extract was significantly higher compared to those of the I/R groups (P=0.00). Conclusion: This study showed protective effect of olive leaf extract against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury.

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Background and purpose: Lavender is a medicinal plant with antioxidant activity. Stroke causes long term disability and is associated with oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of lavender extract against blood brain barrier permeability and its possible mechanisms in an experimental model of stroke. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were used. The rats were divided into 6 groups (n= 7 per group). Group 1 was ischemic, groups 2 and 3 were ischemic that were given 100 and 200 mg/kg lavender extract, respectively. Group 4 were intact and groups 5 and 6 were intact groups which received lavender extract with dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Group 7 was also considered as the sham. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hr. Data were analysed with SPSS and comparison of means were compared using One Way Anova. Results: The ethanolic extract of lavender at 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the blood brain barrier permeability in rat stroke model compared with ischemic group. Conclusion: The results indicate that lavender extract has neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia and alleviated neurological function in rats.

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Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI) are the major causes of liver failure after various types of liver surgeries such as biopsy, transplantation, and tumor surgery. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and complex that involves ATP depletion, hepatocyte edema, acidosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microcirculation defect which can eventually progress to liver cell death, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and even acute graft rejection. There are much evidences that suggest applying anti-inflammatory drugs could be a proper strategy to decrease IRI. Dexamethasone is a highly potent synthetic corticosteroid that its beneficial effects on various tissues in IRI are well documented. It also suppresses inflammation and immune response in different pathologic conditions. Its functional mechanism is different in various types of cells and involves: inactivation of NF-κB and AP-1, inhibition of releasing PLA₂ and arachidonic acid, and induction of ERK1/2 and SGK-1. By these processes dexamethasone is able to prevent cytokine overproduction and leukocyte activation, recruitment and infiltration. In this review, we aimed to explain the protective effects of dexamethasone on liver ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
 

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Background and purpose: Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (I/RI) are the major causes of liver failure after various types of liver surgeries, particularly liver transplantation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major causes of such injuries, therefore, antioxidant therapy to attenuate hepatic lesions is preferred. We aimed to evaluate the effects of silibinin, a potent radical scavenger, on liver damages and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) genes expression after liver I/R.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the rats were divided into four groups (n=8 per group). Group1 Vehicle: the rats underwent laparotomy and received DMSO10%, Group 2 SILI: the animals received silibinin alongside laparotomy, Group3 I/R: the rats received DMSO10% and subjected to liver I/R procedure, and group 4 I/R+SILI: this group received both silibinin and liver I/R simultaneously. Silibinin (50 mg/kg I.P) was administered twice in all rats. After 1 h ischemia and 5 h reperfusion, blood samples were collected to evaluate serum AST and ALT levels and liver sections were taken to analyze the eNOS and iNOS gene expressions and histological examinations.
Results: There were no significant differences in all parameters between Vehicle and SILI groups (p>0.05). But serum AST and ALT increased significantly in I/R group compared with those in vehicle group. Treatment with silibinin could considerably reduce these markers. Histological damages during I/R improved by silibinin. The iNOS gene was found to be overexpressed whereas eNOS expression decreased in I/R group compared with those in the vehicle group. Silibinin treatment could decline iNOS expression but could not significantly affect eNOS expression (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Silibinin protects liver from I/RI. It may decrease iNOS adverse effects by suppressing its expression.

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 Background and purpose: Sesame oil (SO) is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may produce protective effects against ischemic stroke-induced brain injuries. We examined the effects of treatment with SO on cerebral infarction and edema in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham, ischemic, and ischemic+SO (2 ml/kg) groups. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 60-min occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery followed by 24-hr reperfusion. Neurological sensorimotor deficits were evaluated at the end of the reperfusion period. Thereafter, measurement of the infarct volumes and investigation of ischemic brain edema formation were done.
Results: Induction of cerebral ischemia in control group produced considerable brain infarction alongside impaired sensorimotor functions and severely brain edema. Treatment with SO significantly reduced the infarct volume and improved the sensorimotor functions (p<0.01). Additionally, administration of SO significantly lowered ischemic brain edema formation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Treatment with sesame oil can noticeably decrease ischemic brain injury, attenuate edema formation, and improve sensorimotor disabilities.
 

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Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women during reproductive ages. This syndrome is associated with disruption of sex hormone levels. Studies have shown that endurance of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be affected by sex hormones. In the present study, the rate of cardiac tolerance against I/R injury in the PCOS rat model was compared with normal (control) rats.
Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into two groups; PCOS and control (n=8 per group). The hearts were isolated in Langendorff isolated heart system. Cardiac perfusion was performed in a retrograde flow in the aorta at constant pressure (75 mmHg) by Krebs-Henslit buffer. A pressure (5-10 mmHg) was put to the left ventricle, using an intraventricular balloon, to measure the hemodynamic parameters of the heart. Cardiac signals were recorded while being transmitted through the catheter to the Powerbull system.
Results: Before I/R, the values for cardiac hemodynamic parameters including HR, LVDP, RPP and ± dp/dt, increased in the rat model of PCOS compared to controls, although these increases were not statistically significant (P>0.05). These parameters had decreasing trends after I/R in PCOS rats compared to controls which were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Cardiac resistance to I/R injury was found to be similar in both PCOS and control animals, which could be due to the cardioprotective role of sex hormones such as estrogens.

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Background and purpose: Despite cardioprotective strategies against ischemia/reperfusion injury following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), its complications still exist. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects of propofol against ischemic/reperfusion injury following CABG.
Materials and methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 70 patients undergoing CABG were admitted to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital, Sari, Iran, 2017 were evaluated. The participants were divided into two groups of the anesthetic induction group with the combination of propofol, midazolam, fentanyl, and ether and the anesthetic induction group with nesdonal, midazolam, fentanyl, and ether. The data were registered in the checklist made by the researcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistical tests.
Results: An increase in the level of creatinine and C-reactive protein was observed in both study groups from the time of opening the aortic clamp until 15 min after, and a decrease in the ventricular ejection fraction from before surgery to 48 h post-surgery(P<0.05). An increase in troponin level was reported only in the anesthetic induction group with propofol, midazolam, fentanyl, and ether (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Considering the increased levels of creatinine, troponin, serum C-reactive protein, and the decrease in ventricular ejection fraction in the propofol combination group, this drug is not superior in reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to the nasedonal combination.