Background and purpose: Laryngeal cancers are associated with high rates of mortality and disability. No effective screening test is proven for this disease, so, the best way seems to be controlling the disease by identifying and eliminating individual predisposing factors. The aim of this study was to pave the way for a better understanding of the risk factors and factors affecting the type and prognosis of laryngeal lesions.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the records of patients who had a biopsy in Sari Bu Ali Hospital, between 2009 and 2019. Demographic and clinical information such as age, gender, clinical diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, location of recurrence, recurrent cases, and type of benign tumors were collected.
Results: We studied 423 patients, including 331 (78.3%) males and 92 (21.7%) females, 254 (60%) lived in cities and 169 (40%) patients lived in rural areas. History of narcotics consumption, alcohol, and smoking were seen in 189 (44.6%), 136 (32%), and 312 (74%). respectively. In patients  with malignancies, the mean age at onset of disease decreased during the years of study, but in patients with benign lesions the average age of incidence of lesions has increased significantly (P<0.05). In this study, men were found to be at higher risk of developing non-malignant lesions than women.
Conclusion: These findings are a warning and should be considered in educational social and epidemiological programs for preventive measures.