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Candida species are medically significant yeast that can cause different infection ranging from mild mucosal to disseminated infection. Invasive and sever mucosal infections are often life threatening disorders, especially in immunocompromised hosts due to immunodeficiency either in adaptive or innate immunity which are susceptible to candidiasis. Nevertheless, not all of them are susceptible to candidiasis which shows that genetic variation and polymorphism in immune system can play a crucial role in infection. Although genetic variation occurs rarely in human’s genome, it has a significant role in susceptibility to fungal infections. For example, genetic variation in coding genes of PRRs (TLR2, TLR4, Dectin I, Dectin II, and NLRp3) is correlated with susceptibility to candidiasis. Results have shown polymorphisms in genes that are involved in host defense against Candida infection. Therefore, genetic and immunological studies are highly necessary to understand the pathogenesis. Recently several studies have been performed on host defense against Candida infections which might be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections. This paper represents a comprehensive overview of genetic susceptibility in human’s Candida infection.

Keywords: Genetic susceptibility, PRRs, Candida species, Candidiasis

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