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The relationship between nanotechnology and immunology can be evaluated from different aspects. The application of nanotechnology and immunology is widespread and has important features in medical biotechnology. Delivery of active immunological compounds to the target sites using nano-carriers is one of the issues related to nanotechnology and immunology. Moreover, successful application of nanotechnology in the field of immunology resulted in development of new generations of vaccines, adjuvants and immunomodulatory drugs that aim to improve response to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Nanotechnology plays a key role in the formation of new vaccines and immunosuppressive agents. On the other hand, the manipulation and control of objects at the nano scale level can promote our conception of immune responses. In current review we discuss the effect of size, charge, shape, hydrophobic and porosity properties of a compound on the immune response and investigate the role of nanotech‌nology in engineering of each of these features. It is expected that in future the collaboration between nanotech‌nology and immunology could lead to new strategies in prevention and treatment of human diseases.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, vaccine, adjuvant, immunology, nanoparticle

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