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Background and purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a worldwide health concern with almost unknown etiology. In the current investigation, we explored the relation of nasal mucosal and systemic eosinophilia with chronic inflammation to elucidate the role of eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. Materials and methods: The study population included 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Samples were collected from all patients’ nasal discharge and peripheral venous blood. In the opinion of investigators, exclusion criteria included the conditions that could influence the immunoglobulins levels such as malignancy, renal dysfunction, vascular diseases, malnutrition, and chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Study was conducted in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery department, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran from September 2011 to December 2011. Data was analyzed using Cross-Tab and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The research participants involved 29 (58%) male and 21 (42%) female subjects aged from 5 to 70 years with mean age of 30.6. Nasal mucosal eosinophilia was observed in 42% of the patients (21 participants) and systemic eosinophilia was identified in 15 subjects (30%). 42.3% of patients with nasal mucosal eosinophilia and 46.6% of subjects with systemic eosinophilia revealed pan sinusitis in computed tomography scan. There was no significant correlation between blood and mucosal eosinophilia (p= 0.29). Post nasal discharge (90%), nasal congestion (52%) and headache (50%) were the commonest clinical symptoms. Nasal septal deviation was reported in 14 patients (28%). Conclusion: In the present study, we concluded patients with nasal mucosal and systemic eosinophilia revealed higher severity of symptoms. Such patients require more clinical care and diagnostic evaluation.

Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophil, nasal mucosal eosinophilia, systemic eosinophilia

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