Volume 34, Issue 242 (2-2025)
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2025, 34(242): 16-28 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Yaghoubi N, Dianati Tilaki R A, Babanejad Arimi E, Gholami-Borujeni F. Investigating the Effectiveness of Superchlorination and Fenton Processes in Removing Hydroxychloroquine and Favipiravir from Synthetic Wastewater. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2025; 34 (242) :16-28
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-20659-en.html
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-20659-en.html
Narjes Yaghoubi 
, Ramazan Ali Dianati Tilaki , Esmaeil Babanejad Arimi , Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni *
, Ramazan Ali Dianati Tilaki , Esmaeil Babanejad Arimi , Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni *
Abstract: (288 Views)
Background and purpose: The presence of COVID-19 drugs in waters globally indicates that conventional wastewater treatment technologies have not been successful in removing them. This study aimed at investigating the efficiency of superchlorination and Fenton processes in removing favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine from hospital wastewater.
Materials and methods: In this study, the degradation of hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir from synthetic wastewater was carried out using superchlorination and the Fenton process at an experimental scale. The concentration of the remaining drugs in the treated samples was analyzed using HPLC-UV equipment. The effect of changes in the initial concentration of drugs, chlorine, [Fe²⁺], [H₂O₂] concentration, pH, and contact time was also investigated, and the optimal values for each of the desired parameters were determined. Mineralization was measured using a TOC Analyzer.
Results: Based on the results of this research, the optimal conditions in the superchlorination test include the following: the initial concentration of both drugs is 50 ppm, the optimal pH is 7, the chlorine concentration for favipiravir removal is 150 ppm, and for hydroxychloroquine, it is 200 ppm. The contact time is 60 minutes. Also, the optimal conditions of the Fenton process for favipiravir removal include: pH 7, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, [Fe²⁺] of 1 mmol/L, [H₂O₂] of 3 mmol/L, and contact time of 30 minutes. For hydroxychloroquine, the optimal conditions are as follows: pH 7, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, [Fe²⁺] of 0.5 mmol/L, [H₂O₂] of 0.5 mmol/L, and contact time of 10 minutes.
Conclusion: The conducted experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of superchlorination and the Fenton process in removing wastewater containing favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine. The efficiency of these methods in removing antibiotics with a similar structure or enhancing their biodegradability can also be investigated.
Materials and methods: In this study, the degradation of hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir from synthetic wastewater was carried out using superchlorination and the Fenton process at an experimental scale. The concentration of the remaining drugs in the treated samples was analyzed using HPLC-UV equipment. The effect of changes in the initial concentration of drugs, chlorine, [Fe²⁺], [H₂O₂] concentration, pH, and contact time was also investigated, and the optimal values for each of the desired parameters were determined. Mineralization was measured using a TOC Analyzer.
Results: Based on the results of this research, the optimal conditions in the superchlorination test include the following: the initial concentration of both drugs is 50 ppm, the optimal pH is 7, the chlorine concentration for favipiravir removal is 150 ppm, and for hydroxychloroquine, it is 200 ppm. The contact time is 60 minutes. Also, the optimal conditions of the Fenton process for favipiravir removal include: pH 7, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, [Fe²⁺] of 1 mmol/L, [H₂O₂] of 3 mmol/L, and contact time of 30 minutes. For hydroxychloroquine, the optimal conditions are as follows: pH 7, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, [Fe²⁺] of 0.5 mmol/L, [H₂O₂] of 0.5 mmol/L, and contact time of 10 minutes.
Conclusion: The conducted experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of superchlorination and the Fenton process in removing wastewater containing favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine. The efficiency of these methods in removing antibiotics with a similar structure or enhancing their biodegradability can also be investigated.
Type of Study: Research(Original) |
Subject:
Environmental Health
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Articles Copyright © The Author(s). Owned by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Contact Us
Address: Journal Office, Building No. 2, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Square, Sari.Tel: +98 (011)34484874 Postal code: 48175-866 E-Mail: jmums@mazums.ac.ir Telefax: +98 (011)33262679
