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Introduction: Scorpionism is one of the public health problems in Iran especially in southern and western part of the country. In these regions many people especially children are being stung by scorpions and consequently serious injuries or even death occurs. The aim of the current study was to assess the geographical distribution of scorpions with a focus on Hemiscrorpius leptorus. Material and Method: The study was conducted using published articles and books since 1979 to 2013. Conclusion: Southern and western provinces of the country are habitat of the Hemiscorpius scorpions. Sting of these scorpions can cause severe complications and even death of the injured individuals. People in most communities and health personnel have low information about Hemiscrorpius leptorus. Therefore, it is necessary to perform further studies on the distribution, diagnosis of symptoms, and problems associated with scorpionism.

Keywords: Hemiscrorpius, scorpion, distribution, clinical manifestation

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