Background and purpose: Color vision deficiency is an X-linked recessive inherited disease that affects men more than women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of color vision deficiency among patients with amblyopia aged 10 to 30 years old.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was performed in 2846 participants, aged 10 to 30 years in 2013-15 attending the eye clinic in Boali Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined by an optometrist and an ophthalmologist. The examinations included visual acuity (VA), refraction errors, and color vision test. Data was analyzed in SPSS ver.19 applying Chi-square and t tests.

Results: The participants were 36.54% male. The prevalence of amblyopia was 9.24%. Of the total participants, the prevalence of color vision deficiency was 0.98%. Among this population 53.57% were seen in amblyopic patients. Among individuals with amblyopia (n= 263) 15 were found with color vision deficits. There was a significant difference in prevalence of color vision deficiency between amblyopic and non-amblyopic individuals (P<0.001). 

Conclusion: There was significant difference in prevalence of color vision deficiency among patients with amblyopia and non-amblyopic participants.