Background and purpose: In hemodialysis patients, medication prescribed is essential to preserve their health and welfare, but adherence to medications is difficult. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of patients undergoing hemodialysis about drug consumption.

Materials and methods: A qualitative content analysis was conducted in Kowsar Hospital, Semnan, Iran. Twenty patients were selected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were performed to obtain the relevant information. Data collection and analysis were done using Granheim and Lundman, 2004 content analysis. The accuracy and trustworthiness of the study were determined according to Lincoln and Guba criteria.

Results: The main theme was "lack of adherence to medication" and the following categories: 'factors related to patients" with 'psychological dimensions', 'participation', 'lack of awareness about the benefits of drugs', and ' financial restrictions and frustration' as the sub-categories. "Factors related to medication" with 'challenges in consumption of drugs' as the sub-category. "Factors related to the health care system" with 'shortage of nurses', 'cumbersome adherence to laws and regulations' and 'adequate social support ' as the sub-categories.

Conclusion: Lack of adherence to medication is a modifiable threat to health in hemodialysis patients, therefore, interventions and strategies that can motivate and promote adherence to medication could be of great benefit. So, health care authorities should take appropriate actions to improve patients’ management on adherence to medication.