Volume 34, Issue 234 (6-2024)
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2024, 34(234): 157-162 |
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Taha Heidary M, Karimi-Dehkordi M, Rahimi E. The Protective Effect of Rhamnus Frangula in Comparison with Vitamin E in Benzopyrene-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Mice. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2024; 34 (234) :157-162
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-20827-en.html
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-20827-en.html
Abstract: (549 Views)
Background and purpose: Benzo[a]pyrene is an organic compound naturally found in tobacco smoke and exhaust emissions from vehicles. This compound is recognized as an environmental pollutant and is abundantly present in urban and industrial environments. The effects and hazards of benzo[a]pyrene due to its presence in tobacco smoke and vehicle exhaust gases, particularly on human health, are significant. This compound can increase the risk of carcinogenesis, as it possesses toxic and carcinogenic properties that can cause serious harm to humans through direct or indirect contact. This study examined the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula on liver and kidney toxicity induced by benzopyrene in mice and compared it with vitamin E.
Materials and methods: In this study, 55 male mice were randomly divided into 11 groups of 5 each. The first to third groups were used as negative control (normal diet), olive oil (solvent for benzo[a]pyrene), and positive control (benzo[a]pyrene) respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks via gavage. The fourth group received vitamin E alone (250 mg/kg via gavage), and the fifth group received vitamin E along with benzo[a]pyrene. The sixth, seventh, and eighth groups received the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. daily at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight orally, respectively. Additionally, three intervention groups received the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. at high doses along with benzo[a]pyrene for 4 weeks.
Results: Administration of benzo[a]pyrene at a dose of 20 mg/kg resulted in liver damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in liver enzymes ALT and AST, as well as bilirubin, compared to the control group. Benzo[a]pyrene also caused an increase in ALP levels, although this increase was not significant. Although the slight increase in ALP due to benzo[a]pyrene was reduced in the group treated with a high dose of Rhamnus frangula L., treatment with Rhamnus frangula L. at any of the doses used in this study was not able to reduce ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. In contrast, treatment with vitamin E reduced the activity of ALT and AST compared to the benzo[a]pyrene group. A significant increase in urea and creatinine in the benzo[a]pyrene group compared to the control group indicates kidney damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene. Rhamnus frangula L. only at the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg reduced urea and creatinine levels, and vitamin E did not affect improving the nephrotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene.
Conclusion: The study results indicated that biomarkers under investigation can serve as useful tools for assessing hepatic and renal toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene. Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. exhibited significant protective properties against hepatic (increased ALP) and renal (increased urea and creatinine) damages caused by benzo[a]pyrene and may perform better than vitamin E in certain cases. These findings underscore the importance of utilizing plant extracts in combating the adverse effects of pollutants.
Materials and methods: In this study, 55 male mice were randomly divided into 11 groups of 5 each. The first to third groups were used as negative control (normal diet), olive oil (solvent for benzo[a]pyrene), and positive control (benzo[a]pyrene) respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks via gavage. The fourth group received vitamin E alone (250 mg/kg via gavage), and the fifth group received vitamin E along with benzo[a]pyrene. The sixth, seventh, and eighth groups received the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. daily at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight orally, respectively. Additionally, three intervention groups received the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. at high doses along with benzo[a]pyrene for 4 weeks.
Results: Administration of benzo[a]pyrene at a dose of 20 mg/kg resulted in liver damage, as evidenced by a significant increase in liver enzymes ALT and AST, as well as bilirubin, compared to the control group. Benzo[a]pyrene also caused an increase in ALP levels, although this increase was not significant. Although the slight increase in ALP due to benzo[a]pyrene was reduced in the group treated with a high dose of Rhamnus frangula L., treatment with Rhamnus frangula L. at any of the doses used in this study was not able to reduce ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. In contrast, treatment with vitamin E reduced the activity of ALT and AST compared to the benzo[a]pyrene group. A significant increase in urea and creatinine in the benzo[a]pyrene group compared to the control group indicates kidney damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene. Rhamnus frangula L. only at the highest dose of 1000 mg/kg reduced urea and creatinine levels, and vitamin E did not affect improving the nephrotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene.
Conclusion: The study results indicated that biomarkers under investigation can serve as useful tools for assessing hepatic and renal toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene. Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Rhamnus frangula L. exhibited significant protective properties against hepatic (increased ALP) and renal (increased urea and creatinine) damages caused by benzo[a]pyrene and may perform better than vitamin E in certain cases. These findings underscore the importance of utilizing plant extracts in combating the adverse effects of pollutants.
Type of Study: Brief Report |
Subject:
Medicinal Plant
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