Volume 35, Issue 251 (12-2025)
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2025, 35(251): 205-223 |
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hosseini N, mohammadnejad F, valadan R, sahraei F, nikookar H. An Overview of the Origin and Role of Wolbachia Bacteria in the Biological Control of Sandflies. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2025; 35 (251) :205-223
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22007-en.html
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22007-en.html
Abstract: (29 Views)
Wolbachia, a genus of intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, has attracted significant attention due to its widespread presence in arthropods, including sand flies (Phlebotominae). These bacteria are recognized as a potential tool for controlling vector-borne diseases due to their ability to manipulate host reproduction and influence disease transmission. This review examines current knowledge about Wolbachia in sand flies globally and in Iran, covering its history, classification, biology, and key challenges in its application for sand fly control. Wolbachia has been identified in 33 sand fly species worldwide, with infection rates ranging from 2.5% to 93.9%. In Iran, the bacterium has been reported in key species such as Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti (the primary vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran), which exhibit the highest infection rates. Three major Wolbachia supergroups (A, B, and N/A) have been detected in Iran, with supergroup A being the most prevalent. Furthermore, Wolbachia can reduce disease transmission by enhancing host immunity or competing with pathogens. This bacterium is capable of activating innate immune pathways in the host, including the Toll and Imd pathways, leading to the upregulation of antimicrobial peptide production. This trait, combined with its ability to trigger cytoplasmic incompatibility, highlights its potential for vector control strategies. However, challenges such as compatibility with different sand fly species, field population stability, and environmental considerations remain and require further research. This review emphasizes the importance of future studies to better understand Wolbachia’s role in leishmaniasis control and the development of bacteria-based methods. Collaboration between researchers and policymakers is essential for establishing regulatory and ethical frameworks.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Medical Entomology
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