Volume 36, Issue 261 (10-2026)
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2026, 36(261): 208-222 |
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Ghorbani Z, Nasiri H. Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Tissue Sources and Strategies for Optimizing Their Therapeutic Potential: Emphasis on Preconditioning and Genetic Modification. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2026; 36 (261) :208-222
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22979-en.html
URL: http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-22979-en.html
Abstract: (20 Views)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as important components of regenerative medicine owing to their self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties, and ability to secrete a wide range of paracrine factors. These cells can be isolated from various sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, placenta, and other tissues. Although MSCs derived from different tissues share several common characteristics, they exhibit distinct biological and functional properties depending on their tissue of origin, which may influence their proliferative capacity, differentiation potential, immunoregulatory activity, and therapeutic efficacy. In addition, exosomes secreted by MSCs have attracted considerable attention because they contain a variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNAs, and other regulatory factors. These extracellular vesicles are thought to play important roles in tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the substantial therapeutic potential of MSCs, several challenges continue to limit their clinical application, including poor post-transplantation survival, inadequate homing to injured tissues, functional heterogeneity, and reduced efficacy under inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various strategies have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. mong these, preconditioning and genetic modification have emerged as two of the most widely investigated approaches. These strategies have been shown to improve cell survival, migratory capacity, paracrine activity, and overall therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the characteristics and biological properties of MSCs derived from different tissue sources and provides an overview of current strategies for optimising their therapeutic properties, with particular emphasis on preconditioning and genetic modification approaches aimed at improving their regenerative and therapeutic potential.
Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, preconditioning, genetic modification, regenerative medicine
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